Hypertension (2) Flashcards
Normal blood pressure
<120 AND <80
Elevated blood pressure
120-129 AND <80
Hypertension stage 1
130-139 OR 80-89
Hypertension stage 2
> 140 OR >90
When should the diagnosis of hypertension be established?
2 or more high readings on 2 or more separate occasions
How many Americans have hypertension?
1 in 3
What has the strongest evidence for cause of CVD?
High BP
Why is hypertension called the silent killer?
Patients are often asymptomatic
What percentage of hypertension has an unknown etiology (essential hypertension)?
90%
What does blood pressure equal?
CO x TPR
How does peripheral resistance contribute to BP?
Circulating regulators
Local regulators
SNS
Blood viscosity
How does CO contribute to blood pressure?
HR and SV
What are the BP regulatory mechanisms?
Baroreceptor reflex
Renin angiotensin-aldosterone system
Review baroreceptor reflex and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
What are the 4 systems behind hypertension?
Heart
Kidneys
Hormones
Blood vessel tone
What are environmental factors linked to hypertension?
Diet
Exercise
Poor access to health care
Low socioeconomic status
Comorbidities
What can chronically elevated BP cause?
Organ complications
How does organ damage occur from elevated BP?
Increased workload of heart
Arterial damage (weakened vessel walls and accelerated atherosclerosis)
What organs are affected from elevated BP?
Heart
Cerebrovascular system
Aorta
Peripheral vascular system
Kidney
Retina
What do patients die from if elevated BP is left untreated?
CAD
Stroke
Renal failure
What is hypertensive crisis?
Medical emergency due to severe elevation of BP and potential acute end organ damage
What percentage of hypertensive crisis are urgencies?
75% (no signs of organ damage)
What percentage of hypertensive crisis are emergencies?
25% (signs of organ damage)
What can a hypertensive crisis cause?
Increased intracranial pressure
Acute damage to retinal vessels
CVA
