Pulmonary Parenchymal Diseases Flashcards
what are the common opportunistic pathogens that can cause bacterial pneumonia in dogs?
e. coli, pasteurella, klebsiella, staph, strep, bordetella, and mycoplasma
what are the common opportunistic pathogens that can cause bacterial pneumonia in cats?
mycoplasma, pasteurella, bordetella, strep, and e. coli
what are the common virulent pathogens that cause bacterial pneumonia in animals?
strep. equi subspecies zooepidemicus and e. coli
causes a hemorrhagic or necrotizing pneumonia
cough (often productive), exercise intolerance, nasal discharge, increased respiratory rate/effort, lethargy, hyporexia, and pyrexia are all clinical signs of what disease?
bacterial pneumonia
what is the main clinical sign combined with others that would lead you to think your patient has bacterial pneumonia?
nasal discharge
what is the classic pattern you might see in a thoracic radiograph of a dog with bacterial pneumonia?
alveolar & predominantly ventral
what types of bacterial pneumonia may only involve one lung lobe?
aspiration, foreign body, or a tumor
what tests would you do to confirm a definitive diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia?
ID of sepsis from lower airway samples (transtracheal wash or bronchoalveolar lavage) and a culture & sensitivity
what is the mainstay of treatment for bacterial pneumonia?
antibiotics, at least 10-14 days
what antibiotics might you use in a dog with late-onset HAP or are at risk for having an MDR infection?
1st generation cephalosporin + 2nd or 3rd generation cephalosporin
-carbapenem or amikacin + amoxicillin/sublactam or ticarcillin/clavulanate
what antibiotics might you use in a cat with bacterial pneumonia caused by mycoplasma?
enrofloxacin or doxycycline
what are two common bronchodilators used in patients with bacterial pneumonia?
albuterol and theophylline
what drug is used for mucolytic therapy in dogs with bacterial pneumonia?
N-acetylcysteine
what are the common pathogens of mycotic pneumonia?
blastomyces, histoplasma, and coccidioides
besides lower respiratory signs what are two common clinical signs caused by mycotic pneumonia?
lymphadenopathy and weight loss
what pattern on radiographs might you see in a patient with mycotic pneumonia?
nodular or miliary interstitial & perihilar lymphadenopathy
what breed is pneumocystis carinii common in?
min. dachshund and king charles spaniel
what are the common viruses that cause pneumonia in dogs?
parainfluenza, distemper, coronavirus, infectious hepatitis and herpesvirus
what are the common viruses that cause pneumonia in cats?
coronavirus, calicivirus, and herpesvirus
what is the most common protozoa to cause pneumonia?
toxoplasma gondii
how might you treat a patient with pneumonia due to toxoplasma?
potentiated sulfonamides or clindamycine
what breeds are predisposed to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
west highland white terriers and stafforshire bull terriers
what might you find on physical exam of a patient that would put idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis as one of your top differentials?
inspiratory crackles
what is the most common pattern you might see on a radiograph of a dog with IPF?
diffuse bronchointerstitial
what might you see on radiographs of a patient with moderate-severe PH due to IPF?
r-sided cardiomegaly & PA enlargement
what are the mechanisms of pulmonary edema?
increased hydrostatic pressure, decreased oncotic pressure, increased vascular permeability and/or impaired lymphatic drainage
T/F: cardiogenic pulmonary edema is generally protein rich
FALSE, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema
acute respiratory distress syndrome, airway obstruction, seizure, electrocution, vasculitis, and severe hypoalbuminemia are all causes of what pulmonary dz?
non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema
what are the common auscultatory abnormalities found in patients with non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema?
increased bronchovesicular sounds and/or crackles
pulmonary inflammatory disorder characterized by non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, neutrophilic inflammation and hypoxemia
acute respiratory distress syndrome
syndrome caused by systemic inflammation of infectious or noninfectious origin
systemic inflammatory response syndrome
what is the criteria (2 out of 4) for systemic inflammatory response syndrome
tachycardia, tachypnea, hypo or hyperthermia, and leukocytosis or leukopenia
