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SAM 1 > Pulmonary Parenchymal Diseases > Flashcards

Pulmonary Parenchymal Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

what are the common opportunistic pathogens that can cause bacterial pneumonia in dogs?

A

e. coli, pasteurella, klebsiella, staph, strep, bordetella, and mycoplasma

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2
Q

what are the common opportunistic pathogens that can cause bacterial pneumonia in cats?

A

mycoplasma, pasteurella, bordetella, strep, and e. coli

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3
Q

what are the common virulent pathogens that cause bacterial pneumonia in animals?

A

strep. equi subspecies zooepidemicus and e. coli

causes a hemorrhagic or necrotizing pneumonia

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4
Q

cough (often productive), exercise intolerance, nasal discharge, increased respiratory rate/effort, lethargy, hyporexia, and pyrexia are all clinical signs of what disease?

A

bacterial pneumonia

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5
Q

what is the main clinical sign combined with others that would lead you to think your patient has bacterial pneumonia?

A

nasal discharge

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6
Q

what is the classic pattern you might see in a thoracic radiograph of a dog with bacterial pneumonia?

A

alveolar & predominantly ventral

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7
Q

what types of bacterial pneumonia may only involve one lung lobe?

A

aspiration, foreign body, or a tumor

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8
Q

what tests would you do to confirm a definitive diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia?

A

ID of sepsis from lower airway samples (transtracheal wash or bronchoalveolar lavage) and a culture & sensitivity

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9
Q

what is the mainstay of treatment for bacterial pneumonia?

A

antibiotics, at least 10-14 days

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10
Q

what antibiotics might you use in a dog with late-onset HAP or are at risk for having an MDR infection?

A

1st generation cephalosporin + 2nd or 3rd generation cephalosporin

-carbapenem or amikacin + amoxicillin/sublactam or ticarcillin/clavulanate

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11
Q

what antibiotics might you use in a cat with bacterial pneumonia caused by mycoplasma?

A

enrofloxacin or doxycycline

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12
Q

what are two common bronchodilators used in patients with bacterial pneumonia?

A

albuterol and theophylline

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13
Q

what drug is used for mucolytic therapy in dogs with bacterial pneumonia?

A

N-acetylcysteine

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14
Q

what are the common pathogens of mycotic pneumonia?

A

blastomyces, histoplasma, and coccidioides

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15
Q

besides lower respiratory signs what are two common clinical signs caused by mycotic pneumonia?

A

lymphadenopathy and weight loss

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16
Q

what pattern on radiographs might you see in a patient with mycotic pneumonia?

A

nodular or miliary interstitial & perihilar lymphadenopathy

17
Q

what breed is pneumocystis carinii common in?

A

min. dachshund and king charles spaniel

18
Q

what are the common viruses that cause pneumonia in dogs?

A

parainfluenza, distemper, coronavirus, infectious hepatitis and herpesvirus

19
Q

what are the common viruses that cause pneumonia in cats?

A

coronavirus, calicivirus, and herpesvirus

20
Q

what is the most common protozoa to cause pneumonia?

A

toxoplasma gondii

21
Q

how might you treat a patient with pneumonia due to toxoplasma?

A

potentiated sulfonamides or clindamycine

22
Q

what breeds are predisposed to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

A

west highland white terriers and stafforshire bull terriers

23
Q

what might you find on physical exam of a patient that would put idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis as one of your top differentials?

A

inspiratory crackles

24
Q

what is the most common pattern you might see on a radiograph of a dog with IPF?

A

diffuse bronchointerstitial

25
Q

what might you see on radiographs of a patient with moderate-severe PH due to IPF?

A

r-sided cardiomegaly & PA enlargement

26
Q

what are the mechanisms of pulmonary edema?

A

increased hydrostatic pressure, decreased oncotic pressure, increased vascular permeability and/or impaired lymphatic drainage

27
Q

T/F: cardiogenic pulmonary edema is generally protein rich

A

FALSE, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema

28
Q

acute respiratory distress syndrome, airway obstruction, seizure, electrocution, vasculitis, and severe hypoalbuminemia are all causes of what pulmonary dz?

A

non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema

29
Q

what are the common auscultatory abnormalities found in patients with non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

A

increased bronchovesicular sounds and/or crackles

30
Q

pulmonary inflammatory disorder characterized by non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, neutrophilic inflammation and hypoxemia

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome

31
Q

syndrome caused by systemic inflammation of infectious or noninfectious origin

A

systemic inflammatory response syndrome

32
Q

what is the criteria (2 out of 4) for systemic inflammatory response syndrome

A

tachycardia, tachypnea, hypo or hyperthermia, and leukocytosis or leukopenia

SAM 1 (19 decks)

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