Pulmonary Parenchymal Diseases

Question 1

what are the common opportunistic pathogens that can cause bacterial pneumonia in dogs?

Answer 1

e. coli, pasteurella, klebsiella, staph, strep, bordetella, and mycoplasma

Question 2

what are the common opportunistic pathogens that can cause bacterial pneumonia in cats?

Answer 2

mycoplasma, pasteurella, bordetella, strep, and e. coli

Question 3

what are the common virulent pathogens that cause bacterial pneumonia in animals?

Answer 3

strep. equi subspecies zooepidemicus and e. coli

causes a hemorrhagic or necrotizing pneumonia

Question 4

cough (often productive), exercise intolerance, nasal discharge, increased respiratory rate/effort, lethargy, hyporexia, and pyrexia are all clinical signs of what disease?

Answer 4

bacterial pneumonia

Question 5

what is the main clinical sign combined with others that would lead you to think your patient has bacterial pneumonia?

Answer 5

nasal discharge

Question 6

what is the classic pattern you might see in a thoracic radiograph of a dog with bacterial pneumonia?

Answer 6

alveolar & predominantly ventral

Question 7

what types of bacterial pneumonia may only involve one lung lobe?

Answer 7

aspiration, foreign body, or a tumor

Question 8

what tests would you do to confirm a definitive diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia?

Answer 8

ID of sepsis from lower airway samples (transtracheal wash or bronchoalveolar lavage) and a culture & sensitivity

Question 9

what is the mainstay of treatment for bacterial pneumonia?

Answer 9

antibiotics, at least 10-14 days

Question 10

what antibiotics might you use in a dog with late-onset HAP or are at risk for having an MDR infection?

Answer 10

1st generation cephalosporin + 2nd or 3rd generation cephalosporin

-carbapenem or amikacin + amoxicillin/sublactam or ticarcillin/clavulanate

Question 11

what antibiotics might you use in a cat with bacterial pneumonia caused by mycoplasma?

Answer 11

enrofloxacin or doxycycline

Question 12

what are two common bronchodilators used in patients with bacterial pneumonia?

Answer 12

albuterol and theophylline

Question 13

what drug is used for mucolytic therapy in dogs with bacterial pneumonia?

Answer 13

N-acetylcysteine

Question 14

what are the common pathogens of mycotic pneumonia?

Answer 14

blastomyces, histoplasma, and coccidioides

Question 15

besides lower respiratory signs what are two common clinical signs caused by mycotic pneumonia?

Answer 15

lymphadenopathy and weight loss

Question 16

what pattern on radiographs might you see in a patient with mycotic pneumonia?

Answer 16

nodular or miliary interstitial & perihilar lymphadenopathy

Question 17

what breed is pneumocystis carinii common in?

Answer 17

min. dachshund and king charles spaniel

Question 18

what are the common viruses that cause pneumonia in dogs?

Answer 18

parainfluenza, distemper, coronavirus, infectious hepatitis and herpesvirus

Question 19

what are the common viruses that cause pneumonia in cats?

Answer 19

coronavirus, calicivirus, and herpesvirus

Question 20

what is the most common protozoa to cause pneumonia?

Answer 20

toxoplasma gondii

Question 21

how might you treat a patient with pneumonia due to toxoplasma?

Answer 21

potentiated sulfonamides or clindamycine

Question 22

what breeds are predisposed to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

Answer 22

west highland white terriers and stafforshire bull terriers

Question 23

what might you find on physical exam of a patient that would put idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis as one of your top differentials?

Answer 23

inspiratory crackles

Question 24

what is the most common pattern you might see on a radiograph of a dog with IPF?

Answer 24

diffuse bronchointerstitial

Question 25

what might you see on radiographs of a patient with moderate-severe PH due to IPF?

Answer 25

r-sided cardiomegaly & PA enlargement

Question 26

what are the mechanisms of pulmonary edema?

Answer 26

increased hydrostatic pressure, decreased oncotic pressure, increased vascular permeability and/or impaired lymphatic drainage

Question 27

T/F: cardiogenic pulmonary edema is generally protein rich

Answer 27

FALSE, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema

Question 28

acute respiratory distress syndrome, airway obstruction, seizure, electrocution, vasculitis, and severe hypoalbuminemia are all causes of what pulmonary dz?

Answer 28

non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema

Question 29

what are the common auscultatory abnormalities found in patients with non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

Answer 29

increased bronchovesicular sounds and/or crackles

Question 30

pulmonary inflammatory disorder characterized by non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, neutrophilic inflammation and hypoxemia

Answer 30

acute respiratory distress syndrome

Question 31

syndrome caused by systemic inflammation of infectious or noninfectious origin

Answer 31

systemic inflammatory response syndrome

Question 32

what is the criteria (2 out of 4) for systemic inflammatory response syndrome

Answer 32

tachycardia, tachypnea, hypo or hyperthermia, and leukocytosis or leukopenia