Nasopharyngeal Diseases

Question 1

fibromuscular connective tissue arising from mucosal lining of nasopharynx, auditory tube, or middle ear

Answer 1

polyps (cats>dogs)

Question 2

what connects the nasopharynx to the middle ear?

Answer 2

auditory tube

Question 3

T/F: sneezing is localized to the nasopharynx while reverse sneezing is localized to the nasal cavity

Answer 3

FALSE, opposite

sneezing (expiratory)
reverse sneezing (inspiratory)

Question 4

how do you treat polyps in a cat?

Answer 4

• traction-avulsion and corticosteroids

- ventral bulla osteotomy

Question 5

what is the purpose of doing a CT before an endoscopy?

Answer 5

to localize the lesion

Question 6

what test do you need to do to r/o neoplasia when working up a cat you think has polyps?

Answer 6

histopathology

Question 7

what are the possible causes of nasopharyngeal stenosis?

Answer 7

regurgitation, chronic inflammation, post-surgical scarring, trauma, congenital anomaly, and mass

Question 8

what is the most common cause of fungal rhinitis in cats?

Answer 8

cryptococcus

Question 9

T/F: fungal rhinitis occurs more commonly in older cats

Answer 9

FALSE, younger

Question 10

what is a common clinical sign you might see that puts fungus at the top of the differential list for a patient with rhinitis?

Answer 10

enlarged lymph nodes

Question 11

T/F: bony destruction usually does not occur with cryptococcus

Answer 11

TRUE

Question 12

you perform a culture on a cat with rhinitis and it’s positive for crypto. is this the cause of the rhinitis?

Answer 12

need further testing, some cats have in nasal cavity without an infection

Question 13

what is the common cause for chronic rhinosinusitis in cats?

Answer 13

feline herpes-virus type I

Question 14

what is the antibiotic of choice for treating a cat with chronic rhinosinusitis?

Answer 14

doxycycline

Question 15

what is the most common cause of fungal rhinosinusitis in dogs?

Answer 15

aspergillus fumigatus

Question 16

what is the typical signalment and breed of a dog with nasal aspergillosis?

Answer 16

young to middle-age, dolichocephalic, GSD

Question 17

what clinical signs might you see in a dog with nasal aspergillosis?

Answer 17

mucopurulent nasal discharge (often copious), sneezing +/- epistaxis, facial pain, depigmentation, and ulceration

Question 18

what might you see on a CT of a dog with nasal aspergillosis?

Answer 18

significant destruction of turbinates & cavitations

Question 19

what treatment would you do for a dog with nasal aspergillosis and has an INTACT cribriform plate?

Answer 19

topical infusion of clotrimazole or enilconazole

oral antifungal if not intact

Question 20

what are the common causes of idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis

Answer 20

aberrant immune response, inhaled allergens and irritants, and hypersensitivity to native organisms

Question 21

what is the typical signalment and breed for a dog with idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis?

Answer 21

young to middle-aged dolichocephalic and mesaticephalic large breeds and dachshunds

Question 22

what might you see on a CT of a dog with idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis?

Answer 22

normal or turbinate lysis and mucus accumulation (not common)

Question 23

how do you treat idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis?

Answer 23

long-term (6+ mo) antibiotic w/ immunomodulatory effects and NSAID

-doxycycline or azithromycin and piroxicam

Question 24

what drug could you use to treat a refractory case of idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis?

Answer 24

itraconazole