Pleural Space Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

why does a patient with pleural effusion have a restrictive breathing pattern?

A

increases intrathoracic pressure and decreases pulmonary compliance > decreases work of breathing while maintaining minute volume

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2
Q

what are the five types of pleural effusion?

A
  • transudate
  • modified transudate
  • exudate
  • chylous
  • hemorrhagic
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3
Q

what causes a transudate pleural effusion?

A

hypoalbuminemia

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4
Q

what causes a modified transudate pleural effusion?

A

CHF or neoplasia

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5
Q

what type of pleural effusion is most cellular?

A

exudate

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6
Q

what type of pleural effusion is least cellular?

A

transudate

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7
Q

what is the most common type of pleural effusion?

A

modified transudate

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8
Q

muffled or absent lung and heart sounds are a common physical exam finding in what pleural space disease?

A

pleural effusion and pneumothorax

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9
Q

tachypnea, dyspnea, tracheal foreign bodies, and esophageal tears are all causes of what pleural space dz?

A

pneumomediastinum

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10
Q

what is the most common cause of pneumomediastinums in cats?

A

GA w/ endotracheal intubation and PPV

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11
Q

tachypnea, dyspnea, SC emphysema and vomiting (cats) are all clinical signs of what pleural space dz?

A

pneumomediastinum

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12
Q

what might you hear upon auscultation of patients with pleural effusion and CHF?

A

murmur, gallop, or an arrhythmia

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13
Q

what diagnostic tool is commonly used to quickly confirm the diagnosis of pleural effusion

A

thoracic FAST

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14
Q

what can be found in the pleural effusion of a cat that can indicated CHF vs. non-CHF and is highly sensitive and specific?

A

NT-proBNP [ ]

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15
Q

what are possible treatment options for mesothelioma and carcinomatosis?

A

intracavitary chemotherapy, periodic thoracocentesis, or pleural port

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16
Q

what can diagnose an idiopathic chylothorax in a patient with pleural effusion?

A

pleural effusion triglycerides > serum triglycerides

17
Q

what is the main cellular component of lymph?

A

small lymphocytes

18
Q

volume of air so significant it depresses CO

A

tension pneumothorax (FATAL)

19
Q

what are three types of pneumothorax?

A

traumatic, spontaneous, and iatrogenic

20
Q

what will cause a primary spontaneous pneumothorax?

A

pulmonary blebs or bullae that rupture

21
Q

what will cause an iatrogenic pneumothorax?

A

lung damage or laceration during thoracocentesis, PPV