Pleural Space Diseases Flashcards
why does a patient with pleural effusion have a restrictive breathing pattern?
increases intrathoracic pressure and decreases pulmonary compliance > decreases work of breathing while maintaining minute volume
what are the five types of pleural effusion?
- transudate
- modified transudate
- exudate
- chylous
- hemorrhagic
what causes a transudate pleural effusion?
hypoalbuminemia
what causes a modified transudate pleural effusion?
CHF or neoplasia
what type of pleural effusion is most cellular?
exudate
what type of pleural effusion is least cellular?
transudate
what is the most common type of pleural effusion?
modified transudate
muffled or absent lung and heart sounds are a common physical exam finding in what pleural space disease?
pleural effusion and pneumothorax
tachypnea, dyspnea, tracheal foreign bodies, and esophageal tears are all causes of what pleural space dz?
pneumomediastinum
what is the most common cause of pneumomediastinums in cats?
GA w/ endotracheal intubation and PPV
tachypnea, dyspnea, SC emphysema and vomiting (cats) are all clinical signs of what pleural space dz?
pneumomediastinum
what might you hear upon auscultation of patients with pleural effusion and CHF?
murmur, gallop, or an arrhythmia
what diagnostic tool is commonly used to quickly confirm the diagnosis of pleural effusion
thoracic FAST
what can be found in the pleural effusion of a cat that can indicated CHF vs. non-CHF and is highly sensitive and specific?
NT-proBNP [ ]
what are possible treatment options for mesothelioma and carcinomatosis?
intracavitary chemotherapy, periodic thoracocentesis, or pleural port
what can diagnose an idiopathic chylothorax in a patient with pleural effusion?
pleural effusion triglycerides > serum triglycerides
what is the main cellular component of lymph?
small lymphocytes
volume of air so significant it depresses CO
tension pneumothorax (FATAL)
what are three types of pneumothorax?
traumatic, spontaneous, and iatrogenic
what will cause a primary spontaneous pneumothorax?
pulmonary blebs or bullae that rupture
what will cause an iatrogenic pneumothorax?
lung damage or laceration during thoracocentesis, PPV
