Pulmonary Parasites Flashcards
What is meant by true lungworm
Residing tissue for adult parasites are the lungs
What is meant by non-true lungworm
Worms which have only a lung phase but which are not lungworms- Residing tissues for adults are not the lungs (commonly intestine )
What are the 2 super families of true lungworm
Trichostrongyloidea
Metastrongyloidea
What species does Dictyocaulus viviparus affect
Cattle, camelids and deer
What species does Dictyocaulus filaria affect
Sheep and goats
What species does Dictyocaulus arnfieldi affect
Donkeys and Horses
What species does Protostrongylus rufescens affect
Sheep and Goats
What species does Mullerius capilaris affect
Sheep and goats
What species does Metastrongylus apri affect
Swine
Describe the general life cycle of D. viviparus
- Adult worms exist in the lung
- They produce eggs which are released in faeces as L1
- L1 develops into L3 in the faeces
- L3 is ingested and the cycle repeats
What tests can be used to diagnose D. viviparus
- Baermann techniques ( on faeces)
- ELISA
- Postmortem
How can D. viviparus be prevented
- Huskvac vaccine, calves given 2 oral doses before turn out to grass.
How do you diagnose D. arnfieldi
- Clinical signs such as cough (in horse, donkeys don’t seem to get clinical signs)
- Look for larvae or eggs in faeces (in donkeys)
Lung sounds on ausculations (in horses)
What type of life cycle does D. filaria have
Direct life cycle
What type of life cycle does Muellerius capillaris have
Indirect life cycle
Sheep/goat ingests a slug/snail infected with larvae
What type of life cycle does Protostrongylus rufescens have
Indirect life cycle
Sheep/goats ingests a slug/snail infected with larvae
What species does Angiostrongylus vasorum affect
Dog
What species does Aelurostrongylus abstrusus affect
Cat
Describe the general life cycle of A. vasorum
Indirect life cycle
- Adults exist in the pulmonary arteries
- Eggs are excreted into the pulmonary capillaries
- L1 penetrates the capillaries and alveolar wall
- L1 coughed up and swallowed
- L1 excreted in faeces
- L1 develops to L3 in slug/snail
- Dog eats affected slug/snail
- Larvae moves to right heart and pulmonary arteries via lymph or circulatory systems
How is A. vasorum diagnosed
- L1 detected in faeces
- Bronchoalveloar lavage fluid
- Radiograph of chest
What are the hosts involved with A. abstrusus
- Cats= definitive host
- Snails/ slugs= intermediate host
- Rodents, birds and amphibians= paratenic hosts
How is A. abstrusus diagnosed
- Larvae in faeces
- Larvae in Bronchoalveloar lavage fluid
- Radiograph of lungs
Describe the life cycle of A. abstrusus
- Adults are in the lungs
- Eggs are produced in the alveoli
- L1 moves into the trachea and is coughed up and swallowed
- L1 passes in cat faeces
- Slugs/snails ingest the faeces L1- L3
- Cat either ingests slug/snail or L3- arrest in paratenic host whic is ingested by cat
What species does Ascaris suum affect
Swine (pigs )
Describe the general life cycle of Ascaris suum
- Adults and L4 are in the intestine
- Eggs are passed in the faeces
- Pigs ingest the eggs
- Eggs hatch in the intestine to form L2
- L2 migrates to the liver via the heptaic vein and forms L3
- L3 exists in the heart and lungs causing symptoms
What species does Toxocara canis affect
Dogs
