Intro to CAR parasitology

Question 1

Define parasitism

Answer 1

only one organism benefits from the interaction but this is to the detriment of the other

Question 2

Define Mutualism

Answer 2

organisms of different species both benefit from the interaction

Question 3

Define Commensalism

Answer 3

only one organism benefits from this association without causing any harm to the second organism

Question 4

List the different types of parasites

Answer 4

Facultative
Obligate
Endo-parasite
Ecto-parasite

Question 5

What are Facultative parasites

Answer 5

may survive in absence of host

Question 6

What are obligate parasites

Answer 6

At some or all stages of life cycle cannot survive in the absence of the host

Question 7

What are endo-parasites

Answer 7

live internally insides the host

Question 8

What are ecto-parasites

Answer 8

lives on the outer body surface of the host

Question 9

What is a definitive host

Answer 9

The host in which parasite sexual reproduction occurs

Question 10

What is an intermediate host

Answer 10

The host in which parasite asexual reproduction occurs

Question 11

What is a permissive host

Answer 11

Not usually used by parasite but still favors life cycle completion

Question 12

What is a non-permissive host

Answer 12

host in which the parasite cannot complete life cycle- some damage occurs to the host

Question 13

What is a reservoir host

Answer 13

Temporary hosts used in absence of natural host - source of infection for other hosts

Question 14

what is a Paratenic host

Answer 14

Host used to host the parasite without any further development- no damage is caused to host by the parasite

Question 15

What are the main 2 types of hosts

Answer 15

• Definitive host

- Intermediate host

Question 16

What are mechanical vector

Answer 16

A vector which mechanically spreads parasite and is not utilized in the parasite life cycle

Question 17

What is a biological vector

Answer 17

a vector needed by the parasite to complete part of its life cycle

Question 18

How are parasites spread to new hosts

Answer 18

• Ingestion of infective stage
• Skin penetration of infective stage
• Skin inoculation by insect bite
• direct animal to animal contact
• Trans-placental
• Sexual intercourse
• Inhalation

Question 19

Describe a direct parasite life cycle

Answer 19

parasite stages occur in/on 1 host

Question 20

Describe a indirect parasite life cycle

Answer 20

intermediate host is needed for the development of some stages of the parasite

Question 21

Describe the basics of cardio-respiratory parasite control

Answer 21

• avoid risky behavior
• provide optimum hygiene and nutrition
• Try and prevent transmission to the best of your ability (especially if you know the life cycle of the parasite)
• Treatment and intervention