pulmonary outcome measures and dx Flashcards
what is the dyspnea scale
what does it measure
used to measure degree of breathlessness in pts with pulm dx or primary functional limitations from SOB
highly responsible to exertion dyspnea, but not useful for dyspnea at rest
what is the BORG dyspnea scale
0-10 scale that can be used for resting/exertion dyspnea
less specific on functional limitation
pt-reported
where would the 2nd ventilatory threshold fall on the BORG dypnea scale
3-6
what result would you expect with a 6MWT with a pt diagnoed with COPD
average distance of 380m
what 6MWT result would indicate hospitalization.mortality
<200 m
you are completing a 6MWT with a respiratory pt. a drop in SPO2 during the test would indicate..
worse outcome
impaired functional activity tolerance
what are the cutoff scores for gait speed with pts with COPD
slow: <0.8 m/s
normal: >0.8 m/s
what is the st george’s respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ)
instrument designed to measure impact on overall health, daily life, and perceived well-being in pts with obstructive airway disease
combines frequency and severity of symptoms with activities that are limited by breathlessness
how is the st george’s respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) scored
score out of 100
higher score = more limitations
what are the indications for a chest xray
first line of imaging for any respiratory distress, suspicion for pulmonary pathology, post line or device placement, post intubation/extubation
what are the indication for CT
lung cancer
ARDS/COVID
bleeding
structural details
what is CTA
radiopaque IV contrast injected prior to CT scan
shows vascular abnormalities or perfusion deficits
first line of imaging used to diagnose pulmonary embolism
what are the indications for CTA
pulmonary embolism
ARDS
IRF
what is a PET scan
nuclear imaging that can detect glucose uptake, blood flow, pulmonary metabolism
noninvasive, used to assess for presence of lung tumor metastasis in the thoracic cavity
more expensive than CT/MRI
what is a MRI used for
evaluates pulmonary anatomy, thoracic cavity structures, pulmonary blood flow
what are the indications for MRI
any conditions that involve bone, muscle, fat of throacic cavity
pre-op for surgical guidance
lung cancer
what are the indications for ventilation/perfusion scan
primary: pulmonary embolism
secondary: IPF/ARDS
what is a bronchoscopy
fiber optic evaluation of the lower respiratory tract
flexible optic scope inserted through nose/mouth to show airways
what are the indications for bronchoscopy
visualizing bronchial structures
foreign object removal/biopsy
clearing out secretions
taking cultures of secretions for infection identification
what are the indications for arterial blood gas (ABG)
respiratory failure/distress
altered mental status
determine O2 delivery device or make change to mechanical vent
what is pulmonary funciton testing (PFTs)
why is it used
provides info about airway integrity, respiratory musculature function, condition of lung tissues
allows for diagnosis and classification of pulmonary disease (restrictive, obstructive, mixed)
what are the 3 types of PFTs
lung volumes
spirometry
diffusing capacity
what is forced vital capacity (FVC)
max volume of air exhaled as forcefully and quickly as possible
most dependent on amount of force used in early exhalation when the lung is most expanded
what conditions have reduced forced vital capacity (FVC)
restrictive and obstructive disease
