pulmonary normal/abnormal phys and exercise Flashcards
what is saturation of peripheral o2
percentage of HgB bound to O2
non-invasive measurement
measures how much O2 is being delivered to tissues
not an exact measurement
what is partial pressure of O2
partial pressure of dissolved O2 in arterial blood
requires arterial blood gas lab draw
reflective of the balance of o2 delivery and consumption
the most accurate way to determine the effectiveness of blood oxygenation
list normal ranges of arterial blood gas
(pH, PaCO2, PaO2, HCO3, O2sat)
pH: 7.35-7.45
PaO2: 80-100 mmHg
PaCO2: 35-45 mmHg
HCO3: 22-26 mEq/L
what is the normal range of BNP
what is the indication
< 100 pg/mL
released in response to ventricular stretch or worsening heart failure
what is normal range of hemoglobin
what is the indication
M: 14-18
F: 12-16
transportation of O2
what is normal response to eercise in regard to SpO2
initial transient drop when exercise starts
increase in RR = SpO2 returns to normal
SpO2 can increase with long duration tasks as steady state i reached
explain normal RR response to exercise
gradual increase with increased workload
maintains steady state with min change at steady state exercise
rapid rise after anaerobic threshold (VT2) is reached
explain lung volume normal response to exercise
increases lineraly with increasing workload
tital volume increases to meet the demand of exercise and can approach vital capacity volumes
explain the physiology of respiration during exercise
muscle cell respiration increases, more O2 used, increased CO2
brain detects increased CO2, CNS signals lungs to increase RR
increased RR and volume of breath, increased gas exchange occurring
CNS signals for increased HR to increase blood volume pumps to lungs for fas exchange
increased O2 gets sent to the mm to balance supppky/demand
increased CO@ removed from blood and is blown off by increased RR
what SpO2 values would be concerning
<90% at rest
acute change in O2 demand
what RR value would be considered concerning
<10 or >30 ar rest
unable to maintain conversation
what HR would be concerning
<50 or >120 ar rest
uncontrolled/new arrhythmia
what BP would be concerning
> 180/90
<90/60
MAP <60
what is hypoxemia
what are S&S of hypoxemia
low blood O2 levels measured by SpO2 or PaO2
headache, dyspnea, tachycardia, coughing, wheezing, confusion/AMS, cyanosis of fingers/lips
what is hypoxia
what are the &S of hypoxia
under-oxygenation of tissues that impair cellular metabolism
restlessness, HA, confusion/AMS, tachycardia, anxiety, tachypnea/dyspnea
severe S&S: bradycardia, extreme restlessness, cyanosis
what is bradypnea and what are the causes
decreased RR
sleep, drugs metabolic disorder, CVA/ABI
what is tachypnea and what are the causes
increased RR
fever, anxiety, shock, exercise, pathology
what is apnea and what are the causes
absence of breathing = death
what is hyperpnea and what are the causes
normal rate but deep respirations
emptional stress, diabetic ketoacidosis
what is cheyne-stokes and what are the causes
gradual increase and decrease in respirations with periods of apnea
increased if ICP, brain stem injury
what is agonal and what are the causes
apnea with periods of inconsistent respirations
actively dying, severe CVA/ABI
what is restrictive lung capacity
decreased vital capacity and total lung capacity
biggest limitation to functional endurance: decreased inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume
what is obstructive lung capacity
increased vital capacity and total lung capacity
biggest limitation to functional endurance: increased expiratory reserve volume and residual volume
describe abnormal SpO2 to exercise
persistent and/or ongoing drop in O2 with increasing workload
increased supplemental O2 delivery to maintain homeostasis
