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Clinical Methods > Pulmonary II > Flashcards

Pulmonary II Flashcards

1
Q

Measures the amount (volume) and/or speed (flow) of air that can be inhaled and exhaled to evaluate a broad range of lung diseases

A

spirometry

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2
Q

Reasons for spirometry test (5):

A
  • diagnose lung diseases (asthma, bronchitis, emphysema)
  • cause of SOB
  • chemicals at work
  • check lung function before surgery
  • see affect of meds and progress
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3
Q

The amount of air inspired during normal, relaxed breathing

about 500 ml

A

tidal volume

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4
Q

the additional air that can be forcibly inhaled after the inspiration of a normal tidal volume

A

inspiratory reserve volume

3.1 L

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5
Q

the additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after the expiration of a normal tidal volume

A

expiratory reserve volume

1.2L

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6
Q

the volume of air still remaining in the lungs after the expiratory reserve volume is exhaled

A

residual volume

1.2L

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7
Q

the maximum amount of air that can fill the lungs

A

total lung capacity

6L

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8
Q

the total amount of air that can be expired after fully inhaling

A

vital capacity

4.8 L

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9
Q

the maximum amount of air that can be inspired

A

inspiratory capacity

3.6 L

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10
Q

the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration

A

functional residual capacity

about 2.4L

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11
Q

volume of gas exhaled in one second by a forced expiration from full expiration

A

FEV1

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12
Q

the percent of forced vital capacity that is exhaled in the first second

A

normal FEV1/FVC ratio

80%

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13
Q
  • involves difficulty exhaling all the air from the lungs
  • because of damage to the lungs or narrowing of airways inside lungs, air comes out more slowly than normal
  • at end of full exhalation, abnormally high amount of air still linger in the lungs
A

obstructive lung disease

like pink puffers

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14
Q
  • results from a condition causing stiffness in the lungs
  • stiffness of chest wall, weak muscles, or damaged nerves may cause restriction in lung expansion
A

restrictive lung disease

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15
Q
  • the FEV1 is reduced due to obstruction of air escaping from the lungs
  • FEV1/FVC ratio is <70%
A

obstructive disease

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16
Q

the FEV1 and FVC are equally reduced due to fibrosis or other lung pathology

the ratio should be approximately normal, or increased

FEV1 > 80%

A

restrictive disease

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17
Q
A

chronic obstructive disease

18
Q

Arterial blood gas measures: (4)

A
  • pH
  • pO2
  • pCO2
  • HCO3
19
Q

test used to determine gas exchange which reflects gas exchange at the alveolar-capillary membrane

A

arterial blood gas

20
Q

If PaO2 < ______ mmHg, supplemental oxygen should be administered.

If PaO2 < ______ mmHg, the patient is at risk of death and must be oxygenated immediately.

A

60 mmHg

26 mmHg

21
Q

In an ABG, ______ indicates whether a metabolic problem is present.

A

bicarbonate

22
Q

The ______ is an indicator of CO2 production and elimination.

A

paCO2

23
Q

a low paCO2 indicates _______, or overventilation.

A

hypocapnia

24
Q

Normal ABG pH

A

7.35 - 7.45

25
Q

Normal pCO2 is:

A

35-45

26
Q

Normal pO2 is:

A

80-100

27
Q

Normal HCO3 is:

A

22-26

28
Q

Normal O2 saturation is:

A

95-100%

29
Q

ABG indications: (5)

A
  • diagnosis of lung diseases: asthma, cystic fibrosis, or COPD
  • evaluate treatment for lung diseases
  • determine need for home O2 or vent in ICU
  • messure acid-base level in the blood
30
Q

Ribs and spine appear ____ in an xray.

Lungs appear ____.

A

light

dark

31
Q
  • Shows size, shape, and position of lungs and other structures in chest
  • finds the cause of lung symptoms, such as SOB or chest pain
  • diagnoses tumors, excess fluid around lungs, or pulmonary embolism
A

CT of chest

32
Q

_______ is a procedure that allows for visualization of the upper and lower airways by way of a bronchoscope.

A

Bronchoscopy

33
Q

________ may be done to diagnose problems with the airway, the lungs, or with the lymph nodes in the chest, or to treat problems such as an object or growth in the airway.

A

Bronchoscopy

34
Q

______ ______ used in the evaluation of airway, diagnosis and staging of carcinoma, evaluation of hemoptysis, biopsies of lung infiltrates, diagnosis of infections, removal of retained secretions.

A

Flexible bronchoscopy

35
Q

What are contraindications of flexible bronchoscopy?

A
  • severe bronchospasm
  • bleeding
36
Q

When using bronchoscopy your orientation are the _____ _____ which are _____.

A

tracheal rings

anterior

37
Q

____ _____ is used in massive bleeding, where extraction of large obstructing objects or main stem bronchus tumors are removed.

A

Rigid bronchoscopy

38
Q

A type of medical imaging using scintigraphy and medical isotopes to evaluate the circulation of air and blood within patient’s lungs in order to determine the ventilation/perfusion ratio.

A

VQ Scan

39
Q

The _____ part of the test looks at the ability of air to reach all parts of the lungs, while the _____ part evaluates how well blood circulates within the lungs.

A

ventilation

perfusion

40
Q
A

Normal flow volume loop

41
Q
A

restrictive flow volume loop

Clinical Methods (9 decks)

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