Pulmonary II Flashcards
Measures the amount (volume) and/or speed (flow) of air that can be inhaled and exhaled to evaluate a broad range of lung diseases
spirometry
Reasons for spirometry test (5):
- diagnose lung diseases (asthma, bronchitis, emphysema)
- cause of SOB
- chemicals at work
- check lung function before surgery
- see affect of meds and progress
The amount of air inspired during normal, relaxed breathing
about 500 ml
tidal volume
the additional air that can be forcibly inhaled after the inspiration of a normal tidal volume
inspiratory reserve volume
3.1 L
the additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after the expiration of a normal tidal volume
expiratory reserve volume
1.2L
the volume of air still remaining in the lungs after the expiratory reserve volume is exhaled
residual volume
1.2L
the maximum amount of air that can fill the lungs
total lung capacity
6L
the total amount of air that can be expired after fully inhaling
vital capacity
4.8 L
the maximum amount of air that can be inspired
inspiratory capacity
3.6 L
the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration
functional residual capacity
about 2.4L
volume of gas exhaled in one second by a forced expiration from full expiration
FEV1
the percent of forced vital capacity that is exhaled in the first second
normal FEV1/FVC ratio
80%
- involves difficulty exhaling all the air from the lungs
- because of damage to the lungs or narrowing of airways inside lungs, air comes out more slowly than normal
- at end of full exhalation, abnormally high amount of air still linger in the lungs
obstructive lung disease
like pink puffers
- results from a condition causing stiffness in the lungs
- stiffness of chest wall, weak muscles, or damaged nerves may cause restriction in lung expansion
restrictive lung disease
- the FEV1 is reduced due to obstruction of air escaping from the lungs
- FEV1/FVC ratio is <70%
obstructive disease
the FEV1 and FVC are equally reduced due to fibrosis or other lung pathology
the ratio should be approximately normal, or increased
FEV1 > 80%
restrictive disease
chronic obstructive disease
Arterial blood gas measures: (4)
- pH
- pO2
- pCO2
- HCO3
test used to determine gas exchange which reflects gas exchange at the alveolar-capillary membrane
arterial blood gas
If PaO2 < ______ mmHg, supplemental oxygen should be administered.
If PaO2 < ______ mmHg, the patient is at risk of death and must be oxygenated immediately.
60 mmHg
26 mmHg
In an ABG, ______ indicates whether a metabolic problem is present.
bicarbonate
The ______ is an indicator of CO2 production and elimination.
paCO2
a low paCO2 indicates _______, or overventilation.
hypocapnia
Normal ABG pH
7.35 - 7.45
Normal pCO2 is:
35-45
Normal pO2 is:
80-100
Normal HCO3 is:
22-26
Normal O2 saturation is:
95-100%
ABG indications: (5)
- diagnosis of lung diseases: asthma, cystic fibrosis, or COPD
- evaluate treatment for lung diseases
- determine need for home O2 or vent in ICU
- messure acid-base level in the blood
Ribs and spine appear ____ in an xray.
Lungs appear ____.
light
dark
- Shows size, shape, and position of lungs and other structures in chest
- finds the cause of lung symptoms, such as SOB or chest pain
- diagnoses tumors, excess fluid around lungs, or pulmonary embolism
CT of chest
_______ is a procedure that allows for visualization of the upper and lower airways by way of a bronchoscope.
Bronchoscopy
________ may be done to diagnose problems with the airway, the lungs, or with the lymph nodes in the chest, or to treat problems such as an object or growth in the airway.
Bronchoscopy
______ ______ used in the evaluation of airway, diagnosis and staging of carcinoma, evaluation of hemoptysis, biopsies of lung infiltrates, diagnosis of infections, removal of retained secretions.
Flexible bronchoscopy
What are contraindications of flexible bronchoscopy?
- severe bronchospasm
- bleeding
When using bronchoscopy your orientation are the _____ _____ which are _____.
tracheal rings
anterior
____ _____ is used in massive bleeding, where extraction of large obstructing objects or main stem bronchus tumors are removed.
Rigid bronchoscopy
A type of medical imaging using scintigraphy and medical isotopes to evaluate the circulation of air and blood within patient’s lungs in order to determine the ventilation/perfusion ratio.
VQ Scan
The _____ part of the test looks at the ability of air to reach all parts of the lungs, while the _____ part evaluates how well blood circulates within the lungs.
ventilation
perfusion
Normal flow volume loop
restrictive flow volume loop
