Airway anatomy Flashcards
What kind of abscess can call for an airway emergency? ________ ________
submandibular abscess
What artery passes just in front of the ear?
superficial temporal artery
Tear fluid comes from the ____ _____ and spreads across the eye and drains into the ______ _______ into the lacrimal sac and into the nose via the nasolacrimal duct.
lacrimal gland
lacrimal punctum
Muscles of the ____ control the pupillary size.
iris
What controls the thickness of the lens, allowing the eye to focus on near and distant objects?
ciliary body
What fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye?
aqueous humor
What contains the retinal, choroid, fovea, macula, optic disk and retinal vessels?
Fundus
Includes eardrum, ossicles, and eustachian tube
middle ear
From the external ear through the middle ear
ex. wax, ear infection (otitis externa, performation of eardrum)
Conductive phase hearing loss
involves the cochlea and cochlear nerve
sensorineural hearing loss
ex. viruses, drugs, trauma, tumors
sensorineural phase hearing loss
Medial wall of nasal cavity is formed by the _____ ______.
nasal septum
Lateral wall is formed by the ________ and their corresponding meatus.
turbinates
(middle, superior, and inferior)
Can only check these sinuses during an exam:
frontal
maxillary
Great vessels that lie just behind the SCM:
Landmarks important for Central venous access for ______ _____ placement.
- Internal Jugular vein
- External Jugular vein
- Carotid Artery
central line
Nearsightedness
myopia
dark area/spot surrounded by normal vision
scotoma
What is a rhinorrhea?
runny nose
When examining the head, examine 5:
- hair
- scalp
- skull
- face
- skin
When examining the eye, use the _____ eye chart
snellen
What is important to check in the eye exam?
pupils: inspect size, shape, and symmetry using pupil size card and test reaction to light
If shine light in one eye and other eye constricts, then ____ ____
consensual reaction
If shine in eye and get a reaction
direct reaction
The rhythmic oscillation of the eyes is called
nystagmus
During the opthalmoscopic exam, can detect illnesses:
- glaucoma
- diabetes
- meningitis
- subarachnoid hemorrhages
- trauma
- brain masses
- uncontrolled hypertension
If there is ear pain and testing for an ear infection,
- move auricle up and down,
- press tragus
- press firmly behind the ear
What test compares air conduction and bone conduction
Rinne test
_____ _____ tests for lateralization.
Weber test
For a nasal intubation, check for which airway is less deformed by looking up the nasal vestibule. True or false?
The rise of the soft palate is innervated by CN ___
10
When examining the neck
Inspect
- Alignment/symmetry of cervical spine
- Overlying skin for scars, deformities, skin color changes
- Atlanto-occipital joint
- Thyromental distance
- Sternomental distance
- Position of trachea
- Thyroid gland
- Voice quality
Should ask about airway history:
- sore throats, hoarseness, hemoptysis,hemetemesis
- previous prolonged intubations
- smoking
Clues to a difficult intubation
- dry cough
- easy bleeding
- GERD
- diabetes mellitus (limited cervial mobility)
- loud snoring (tissue obstruction)
- major trauma
- radiation to the neck
Most of glottis visible
Mallampati 1
Only posterior portion of glottis visible
Mallampati 2
Epiglottis, but none of glottis visible
Mallampatti 3
No airway structures visualized
Mallampatti 4
jut bottem jaw out over top teeth
prognation
Markers of difficult laryngoscopy
- Mallampatti 3, 4
- Thyromental distance < 6cm
- Mouth opening < 3 cm
- Neck pathology
- thick neck
- limited cervical motion
