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Clinical Methods > Airway anatomy > Flashcards

Airway anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of abscess can call for an airway emergency? ________ ________

A

submandibular abscess

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2
Q

What artery passes just in front of the ear?

A

superficial temporal artery

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3
Q

Tear fluid comes from the ____ _____ and spreads across the eye and drains into the ______ _______ into the lacrimal sac and into the nose via the nasolacrimal duct.

A

lacrimal gland

lacrimal punctum

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4
Q

Muscles of the ____ control the pupillary size.

A

iris

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5
Q

What controls the thickness of the lens, allowing the eye to focus on near and distant objects?

A

ciliary body

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6
Q

What fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye?

A

aqueous humor

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7
Q

What contains the retinal, choroid, fovea, macula, optic disk and retinal vessels?

A

Fundus

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8
Q

Includes eardrum, ossicles, and eustachian tube

A

middle ear

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9
Q

From the external ear through the middle ear

ex. wax, ear infection (otitis externa, performation of eardrum)

A

Conductive phase hearing loss

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10
Q

involves the cochlea and cochlear nerve

sensorineural hearing loss

ex. viruses, drugs, trauma, tumors

A

sensorineural phase hearing loss

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11
Q

Medial wall of nasal cavity is formed by the _____ ______.

A

nasal septum

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12
Q

Lateral wall is formed by the ________ and their corresponding meatus.

A

turbinates

(middle, superior, and inferior)

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13
Q

Can only check these sinuses during an exam:

A

frontal

maxillary

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14
Q

Great vessels that lie just behind the SCM:

Landmarks important for Central venous access for ______ _____ placement.

A
  • Internal Jugular vein
  • External Jugular vein
  • Carotid Artery

central line

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15
Q

Nearsightedness

A

myopia

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16
Q

dark area/spot surrounded by normal vision

A

scotoma

17
Q

What is a rhinorrhea?

A

runny nose

18
Q

When examining the head, examine 5:

A
  • hair
  • scalp
  • skull
  • face
  • skin
19
Q

When examining the eye, use the _____ eye chart

A

snellen

20
Q

What is important to check in the eye exam?

A

pupils: inspect size, shape, and symmetry using pupil size card and test reaction to light

21
Q

If shine light in one eye and other eye constricts, then ____ ____

A

consensual reaction

22
Q

If shine in eye and get a reaction

A

direct reaction

23
Q

The rhythmic oscillation of the eyes is called

A

nystagmus

24
Q

During the opthalmoscopic exam, can detect illnesses:

A
  • glaucoma
  • diabetes
  • meningitis
  • subarachnoid hemorrhages
  • trauma
  • brain masses
  • uncontrolled hypertension
25
Q

If there is ear pain and testing for an ear infection,

A
  • move auricle up and down,
  • press tragus
  • press firmly behind the ear
26
Q

What test compares air conduction and bone conduction

A

Rinne test

27
Q

_____ _____ tests for lateralization.

A

Weber test

28
Q

For a nasal intubation, check for which airway is less deformed by looking up the nasal vestibule. True or false?

A
29
Q

The rise of the soft palate is innervated by CN ___

A

10

30
Q

When examining the neck

A

Inspect

  • Alignment/symmetry of cervical spine
  • Overlying skin for scars, deformities, skin color changes
  • Atlanto-occipital joint
  • Thyromental distance
  • Sternomental distance
  • Position of trachea
  • Thyroid gland
  • Voice quality
31
Q

Should ask about airway history:

A
  • sore throats, hoarseness, hemoptysis,hemetemesis
  • previous prolonged intubations
  • smoking
32
Q

Clues to a difficult intubation

A
  • dry cough
  • easy bleeding
  • GERD
  • diabetes mellitus (limited cervial mobility)
  • loud snoring (tissue obstruction)
  • major trauma
  • radiation to the neck
33
Q

Most of glottis visible

A

Mallampati 1

34
Q

Only posterior portion of glottis visible

A

Mallampati 2

35
Q

Epiglottis, but none of glottis visible

A

Mallampatti 3

36
Q

No airway structures visualized

A

Mallampatti 4

37
Q

jut bottem jaw out over top teeth

A

prognation

38
Q

Markers of difficult laryngoscopy

A
  • Mallampatti 3, 4
  • Thyromental distance < 6cm
  • Mouth opening < 3 cm
  • Neck pathology
  • thick neck
  • limited cervical motion

Clinical Methods (9 decks)

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