Heart Flashcards
Where the right ventricle meets the PA superiorly is the ____ of the heart.
base
Right atrium –> ______ valve –> right ventricle
tricuspid
right ventricle –> _____ valve –> pulmonary artery
pulmonary
During systole, the ventricles are _____.
The aortic valve is ___.
The mitral valve is _____.
contracted
open
closed
During diastole, the ventricles are ______.
The aortic valve is ______.
The mitral valve is ______.
relaxed
closed
open
Blood flows from the LA to the LV through the _____ valve.
mitral
When the LV starts to contract (systole), the ___sound is produced.
1st S1
After the LV ejects most of its blood, LV pressure < aorta and the aorta valve shuts which produces the ___heart sound
2nd S2
In children and young adults, a ____ ____ _____ arises from a rapid deceleration of the column of blood against the ventricular wall. In older adults, an ___ _____ usually indicates a pathologic change in ventricular compliance.
3rd heart sound
S3 gallop
Splitting of heart sounds with S2=
A2 = aortic valve closure and P2 pulmonic valve closure
abnormally narrowed valvular orifice that obstructs blood flow and has a very “harsh” characteristic
aortic stenosis
What is heard best at the cardiac apex?
mitral valve
What is heard best at the lower left sternal border?
tricuspid valve
What is heard best at the 2nd and 3rd left interspaces close to the sternum?
pulmonic valve
What is heard anywhere from the right 2nd interspace to the apex?
aortic valve
atrial depolarization is indicated by the
p wave
ventricular depolarization is indicated by
QRS complex
ventricular repolarization is indicated by the
t wave
Electrical impulse slightly precedes myocardial contraction. True or false?
true
the volume of blood ejected from each ventricle in 1 min (product of ____ x ____)
cardiac output (HR X SV)
the load that stretches the cardiac muscle before contraction is
preload
What increases preload?
- inspiration
- exercise
- CHF
What decreases preload?
- exhalation
- decreased LV output
- pooling of blood in capillary bed/venous system
What refers to the degree of vascular resistance to ventricular contraction?
afterload
Height in the venous column of blood in the internal jugular veins is known as the ____ ____ ____.
This also reflects right atrial pressure, an important clinical indicator of cardiac function
jugular venous pressure
We want a MET (metabolic equivalent of funct. capacity)
between
3: walking 1-2 blocks
4: raking, gardening
humming vibration felt during palpation of the carotid artery
thrills
PMI
point of maximal impulse apical impulse
for high pitched sounds use the ___ of the stethoscope
diaphragm
S1, S2, murmurs, friction rubs
for low pitched sounds use ___ of the stethoscope
bell
S3 and S4 and mitral stenosis murmur
valve is unable to contain blood within the ventricle during systole
mitral regurgitation
Diastolic murmurs almost always indicate heart disease. True or false
true
Which murmur causes leaflets of valve become thick stiff and distorted because of rheumatic fever?
mitral stenosis
Which murmur causes the leaflets of valve fail to close causing volume overload in LV?
aortic regurgitation
