Pulmonary Hypertension

Question 1

Pulmonary hypertension

Answer 1

Blood pressure is high in pulmonary trunk -> pulmonary arteries

Question 2

Pulmonary hypertension

Answer 2

The blood pressure is high in Pulmonary trunk -> pulmonary arteries

Question 3

Symptoms and causes

Answer 3

Symptoms - shortness of breath, exercise intolerance, scarring, cough, RV hypertrophy, R heart failure - pitting edema / peripheral edema, portal hypertension (live malfunction)
Causes - emphysema, drug / alcohol intoxication, premature birth, HIV, cancer, diabetes, left heart failure - pooling in lungs.

Question 4

Hypoxic vasoconstriction

Answer 4

If there is a unfunctional component (mostly alveoli)) in lungs then the associated vessels are constricted to avoid blood flowing through to the area. Used in sudden hypoxia but if occurs chronically it can lead to pulmonary hypertension due to constant high BP in certain parts of lungs
Causes - Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, higher altitudes, asthma

Question 5

Hypoxic vasoconstriction

Question 6

Pulmonary hypertension

Answer 6

Swan giant catheter - checks pressure in pulmonary artery, normal - 8-20 mmHg, abnormal - >25 mmHG, Gold standard testing.
Echocardiogram - visualizes heart, if pulmonary hypertension is present or not
X-ray - shows thicker lung blood vessels, scarring
ABG - shows efficiency of gas exchange
PFT - test for lung capacity

Question 7

Pulmonary hypertension treatment

Answer 7

Endothelin antagonist - to stop restriction of vasculature by inhibiting release of Endothelin. Diuretics - drain fluids Beta blockers, Inotropic drugs - makes LV pump harder so that there is no back flow to lungs. Anticoagulants

Question 9

Symptoms and causes

Answer 9

Sx - shortness of breath, exercise intolerance, scarring, cough, RV hypertrophy, R heart failure - pitting edema / peripheral edema, portal hypertension (liver malfunction)
Causes - emphysema, drug / alcohol intoxication, premature birth, HIV, cancer, diabetes, Left heart failure - pooling in lungs.

Question 10

Hypoxia vasoconstriction

Answer 10

If there is a unfunctional component in lungs (mostly alveoli) in lungs then the associated vessels are constricted to avoid blood flowing through that nonfunctional area. Used in sudden hypoxia but if occur chronically it can lead to pulmonary hypertension due to constant high BP in contain parts of lungs
Causes - emphysema, chronic bronchitis, higher altitudes, asthma

Question 11

Pulmonary hypertension diagnosis

Answer 11

Swan giant catheter - check’s pressure in pulmonary artery, gold standard testing
Normal - 8-20 mmHg
Abnormal - higher than 25 mmHg
Echocardiogram - visualizes heart, if pulmonary hypertension is present or not
X ray - shows thicker lung blood vessels, scarring
ABG - shows efficiency of gas exchange. PFT - test for lung capacity