Pneumonia

Question 1

Pneumonia

Answer 1

Inflammation occurs in alveoli -> releasing infective fluid which accumulates in alveoli. This compromises gas exchange because o2 or co2 can’t diffuse through fluid than empty / open space.
Sx - dyspnea, shortness of breath, chest pain, cough, fever
Causes - streptococcus pneumonia, flu virus, prolonged use of ventilators, aspirations / choking

Question 2

Streptococcus pneumoniae and flu vaccines

Answer 2

Flu vaccine - trivalent (tackles 3 strains), quadrilant (tackles 4 strains), a viral protein coat is introduced to body and body formulates response to it. Similar function served by S.Pneumoniae vaccine

Question 3

Pulmonary abscess

Answer 3

Infected site with a hard shell.
Causes - pneumonia, aspiration, obstructions,
Sx - high grade fever, fatigue chest pain, SOB, productive yellow / green cough, bad breath
Diagnosis - ches x ray shows absces, ct scan, bronchoscope ( scope is located to lungs and take a look at the abscess), sputum testing - culture sentivity
Treatments - antibiotics-long term, because of the hard shell the medication wont penetrate, surgical removal - if antibiotics aren’t effective

Question 4

Pneumonia vs Pneumonitis

Answer 4

Pneumonia - infection
Pnumonitis -inflammation only
Causes of pneumonitis - irritants that can cause irritation of alveoli, ex - bird handlers, farmers, humidifiers (holding mold spores).
Sx - dry cough, chest pain
Diagnosis - CXR, CT scan, PFT (will be decreased)
Treatment - corticosteroids and O2