Pulmonary Function Tests Flashcards
Name 5 effort independent tests?
- Relaxed vital capacity
- Helium/N2 washout static lung volume
- Whole body plethysmography
- Impulse oscillometry
- Exhaled breath nitic oxide
Name 3 gas diffusion tests
CO transfer factor
Arterial blood gases
SaO2 during exercise
Name the term for testing dynamic lung volumes?
Spirometry
What curve is present in spirometry?
Volume vs. time curve
What is the forced expiratory manoeuvre from in spirometry?
From TLC to RV
What is FEV1?
Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second
What is FVC?
Forced vital capacity
What is the forced espiratory ratio?
FER = FEV1/FVC%
On the spirometry volume vs. time curve, what are the curve desscriptions of normal, asthma and COPD?
Normal maintains FVC and has the steepest initial slope
Asthma maintains FVC however has a gentler slope than normal
COPD has a lower FVC and has the gentlest slope
Expiratory flow rates: what two conditions have a volume dependent expiratory airway closure?
Asthma and chronic bronchitis
Expiratory flow rates: what condition has a pressure dependent expiratory airway closure?
Emphysema
What is the PEFR like in obstructive and restrictive lung conditions?
Obstructive - decreased
Restrictive - normal
What is FEV1 like in obstructive and restrictive conditions?
Obstructive - decreased
Restrictive - decreased
What is FVC like in obstructive and restrictive conditions?
Obstructive - (normal in asthma, reduced in COPD)
Restrictive - decreased
What is the FEV1/FVC ratio like in obstructive and restrictive conditions?
Obstructive 75%
What type of testing is used to diagnose occupational asthma?
Bronchial challenge testing with allergens/chemicals
What are 3 types of exercise testing?
- FEV1 or PEF post exercise
- SaO2 during exercise
- Full Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPET)
What will the results from FEV1 and PEF in exercise testing be in an asthmatic patient?
Decreased FEV1 or decreased post exercise
What is monitored in exercise testing for interstitial lung disease?
SaO2
What is CPET used to differentiate?
Cardiac vs. respiratory dyspnoea (heart rate vs. oxygen uptake vs. ventilatory rate
What can be used to measure functional residual capacity?
Helium dilution/N2 washout
What is the equation for RV?
FRC - ERV
What is the equation for TLC?
VC + RV
What is the TLC like in hyperinflation?
Increased TLC (emphysema)
What is the TLC like in restrictive lung disease?
Decreased TLC (restrictive lung disease)
What can be used to measure static lung volumes in COPD?
Gas trapping
What is a CO diffusion across alveolar-capillary barrier-single breath diffusing capacity test?
Tranfer factor diffusing capacity
What is TLCO or DLCO?
Total lung transfer for CO or diffusing capacity
What 6 conditions would you see decreased TLCO?
- Anaemia
- Emphysema
- Interstitial lung disease
- Pulmonary oedema
- Pulmonary Emboli
- Bronchiectesis
What is used to monitor treatment response in interstitial lung disease?
Transfer factor diffusing capacity
What are whole body plethysmography or impulse oscillometry used to measure?
Airway resistance
What measures airway resistance during quiet tidal breathing?
Impulse oscillometry
What is exhaled breath nitric oxide a non-invasive marker of?
Eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthma
What is nitric oxide suppressed by in COPD?
Smoking so exhaled breath condensate wont work
What reflects uncontrolled asthmatic inflammation in exhaled breath condensate tests?
High levels of exhaled NO >35ppb
Name an effort dependent tests
- Forced Expiratory Volumes/flow rates
