Embryology

Question 0

What is all other lung tissue (smooth muscle and cartilage etc.)?

Answer 0

Visceral mesoderm

Question 1

What is the lining of the trachea and bronchial tree?

Answer 1

Endoderm

Question 2

Development of the bronchial tree: what is present at week 5?

Answer 2

Lung buds

Question 3

Development of the bronchial tree: when is the left bronchus fullly formed?

Answer 3

Week 6

Question 4

Development of the bronchial tree: when do the lungs begin to form lobes?

Answer 4

Week 8

Question 5

Name two respiratory congenital defects

Answer 5

1. Oesophageal atresia (blind ending)

2. Tracheaoesophageal fistula (communication)

Question 6

During the embryonic stage, 26 days - 6 weeks, what events occur?

Answer 6

Respiratory diverticulum forms

Initial branching to give lungs, lobes and segements

Question 7

During the pseudoglandular stage, 6 - 16 weeks, what events occur?

Answer 7

14 more generations of branching: terminal bronchioles

Question 8

During the canalicular stage, 16 - 28 weeks, what events occur?

Answer 8

Terminal bronchioles to >2 respiratory bronchioles to 3 - 6 alveolar ducts

Question 9

What happens during the saccular stage, 28 - 36 weeks?

Answer 9

Terminal sacs form; capillaries establish close contact

Question 10

What occurs in the alveolar stage, 36 weeks to early childhood?

Answer 10

Alveoli mature

Question 11

Alveolar development: what does cuboidal epithelium change to?

Answer 11

Thin squamous epithelium

Question 12

Alveolar development: what do respiratory bronchiolus change to?

Answer 12

Terminal sacs

Question 13

Alveolar development: What happens to blood capillaries?

Answer 13

Flat endothelium cell of blood capillary

Question 14

What type of cells are blood-air barrier?

Answer 14

Type I cells

Question 15

What type of cells produce surfactant?

Answer 15

Type II cells

Question 16

What leads to respiratory distress syndrome?

Answer 16

Premature infants with too little surfactant