Pulmonary CCRN Flashcards

1
Q

Can be a complication of PEEP is ________because applying positive pressure can lead to _________

A

Tension Pneumothorax; Barotrauma; decreased CO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Complications related to the use of high concentration of O2 for an extended period are: _____ and ______

A

oxygen toxicity ; absorption atelectasis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When does oxygen toxicity occur? Any patient breathing oxygen concentration of _______for more than _____

A

> 50 %; 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does breathing high concentration of O2 do? it replaces the _______ that ________ ________ ___ and help to ____ ____ ___ which is the ______ ______

A

Nitrogen; normally fills the alveoli and; keep them open; residual volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Not to be used during an acute asthma attack are ________bronchodilators such as _________________

A

long-acting ; salmeterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

_________ pneumothorax occur when air in a pleural space is under high pressure than air in ________lung

A

Tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The most common adverse effect of positive pressure ventilation is

A

Decreased venous return.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The volume of air your patient exhales with each breath after a normal resting inhalation

A

Tidal Volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Decrease lung compliance means :

A

stiffened lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A high peak inspiratory pressure in a patient on a VOLUME mechanical ventilators indicates that lung compliance is (increased or decreased)

A

Decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List the 3 Virchow’s Triad for PE: VVH

A
  1. Venous stasis (immobilization)
  2. Hypercoagulability of blood
  3. Vessel trauma or abnormality.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ARDS can be caused with hypo/hyperalbuminemia __________which is when oncotic pressure (increase/decrease) allowing fluid to leak in the pulmonary capillaries. This fluid leakage decrease surfactant, which ____the lungs thus _______lung compliance.

A

HYPO-ALBUMINEMIA; DECREASE ; stiffens, decreasing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ARDS causes an_________ (Inc/dec) in shunting.

A

Increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is shunting?

A

blood returning partially un-oxygenated to the left side of the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which parameter is used to differentiate acute respiratory failure from chronic respiratory failure?

A

Arterial pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) is severe if less than _______ and FEV1 less than ___ L

A

<80L/min ; <1L

17
Q

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) is moderate if ________and FEV1 is ___ to ___ L

A

80-200L/min; 1-2 L

18
Q

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) is mild if greater than_______ and FEV1 greater than ___ L

19
Q

Which of the following factors may cause a patient’s SVO2 to rise? why?

A

Anesthetics and analgesics.; because in causes a decrease in oxygen consumption and subsequent increase in SVO2

20
Q

When air leaks and become trapped between the alveoli _________

A

Pulmonary interstitial emphysema

21
Q

When air leaks into the sac that surrounds the heart________

A

Pneumopericardium

22
Q

When air leaks into the space between the chest wall and the outer tissue of the lungs _________

A

Pneumothorax

23
Q

When air leaks into the mediastinum______

A

Pneumomediastinum

24
Q

The procedure that removes a small portion of a patient’s lung without regard to segments?

A

Wedge resection

25
What is a pneumonectomy?
complete removal of an entire lung
26
Thoracotomy is
the process of making an incision into the chest wall.
27
What is the primary purpose of CPAP?
Stabilize previously closed alveoli.
28
List 3 other benefits of CPAP Recruiting ______ ____ Decreasing _______ Enhanced _______ ________pressure
recruiting closed alveoli decreasing atelectasis. Enhanced end-expiratory pressure.
29
In PE, will oxygen therapy reverse hypoxemia?
NO
30
In PE hemoglobin cannot combine with
oxygen
31
What is ARDS? Noncardiac _____ ______caused by increased in _____ _____ ______ permeability.
non-cardiac pulmonary edema caused by increased alveolar capillary membrane permeability.
32
PEEP increases ______ _____pressure which is the ______pressure in the lungs.
Intra-thoracic pressure