Pulmonary CCRN

Question 1

Can be a complication of PEEP is ________because applying positive pressure can lead to _________

Answer 1

Tension Pneumothorax; Barotrauma; decreased CO

Question 2

Complications related to the use of high concentration of O2 for an extended period are: _____ and ______

Answer 2

oxygen toxicity ; absorption atelectasis.

Question 3

When does oxygen toxicity occur? Any patient breathing oxygen concentration of _______for more than _____

Answer 3

> 50 %; 24 hours

Question 4

What does breathing high concentration of O2 do? it replaces the _______ that ________ ________ ___ and help to ____ ____ ___ which is the ______ ______

Answer 4

Nitrogen; normally fills the alveoli and; keep them open; residual volume

Question 5

Not to be used during an acute asthma attack are ________bronchodilators such as _________________

Answer 5

long-acting ; salmeterol

Question 6

_________ pneumothorax occur when air in a pleural space is under high pressure than air in ________lung

Answer 6

Tension

Question 7

The most common adverse effect of positive pressure ventilation is

Answer 7

Decreased venous return.

Question 8

The volume of air your patient exhales with each breath after a normal resting inhalation

Answer 8

Tidal Volume

Question 9

Decrease lung compliance means :

Answer 9

stiffened lungs

Question 10

A high peak inspiratory pressure in a patient on a VOLUME mechanical ventilators indicates that lung compliance is (increased or decreased)

Answer 10

Decreased

Question 11

List the 3 Virchow’s Triad for PE: VVH

Answer 11

1. Venous stasis (immobilization)
2. Hypercoagulability of blood
3. Vessel trauma or abnormality.

Question 12

ARDS can be caused with hypo/hyperalbuminemia __________which is when oncotic pressure (increase/decrease) allowing fluid to leak in the pulmonary capillaries. This fluid leakage decrease surfactant, which ____the lungs thus _______lung compliance.

Answer 12

HYPO-ALBUMINEMIA; DECREASE ; stiffens, decreasing

Question 13

ARDS causes an_________ (Inc/dec) in shunting.

Answer 13

Increase

Question 14

What is shunting?

Answer 14

blood returning partially un-oxygenated to the left side of the heart.

Question 15

Which parameter is used to differentiate acute respiratory failure from chronic respiratory failure?

Answer 15

Arterial pH

Question 16

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) is severe if less than _______ and FEV1 less than ___ L

Answer 16

<80L/min ; <1L

Question 17

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) is moderate if ________and FEV1 is ___ to ___ L

Answer 17

80-200L/min; 1-2 L

Question 18

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) is mild if greater than_______ and FEV1 greater than ___ L

Answer 18

> 200; 2

Question 19

Which of the following factors may cause a patient’s SVO2 to rise? why?

Answer 19

Anesthetics and analgesics.; because in causes a decrease in oxygen consumption and subsequent increase in SVO2

Question 20

When air leaks and become trapped between the alveoli _________

Answer 20

Pulmonary interstitial emphysema

Question 21

When air leaks into the sac that surrounds the heart________

Answer 21

Pneumopericardium

Question 22

When air leaks into the space between the chest wall and the outer tissue of the lungs _________

Answer 22

Pneumothorax

Question 23

When air leaks into the mediastinum______

Answer 23

Pneumomediastinum

Question 24

The procedure that removes a small portion of a patient’s lung without regard to segments?

Answer 24

Wedge resection

Question 25

What is a pneumonectomy?

Answer 25

complete removal of an entire lung

Question 26

Thoracotomy is

Answer 26

the process of making an incision into the chest wall.

Question 27

What is the primary purpose of CPAP?

Answer 27

Stabilize previously closed alveoli.

Question 28

List 3 other benefits of CPAP
Recruiting ______ ____
Decreasing _______
Enhanced _______ ________pressure

Answer 28

recruiting closed alveoli
decreasing atelectasis.
Enhanced end-expiratory pressure.

Question 29

In PE, will oxygen therapy reverse hypoxemia?

Answer 29

NO

Question 30

In PE hemoglobin cannot combine with

Answer 30

oxygen

Question 31

What is ARDS? Noncardiac _____ ______caused by increased in _____ _____ ______ permeability.

Answer 31

non-cardiac pulmonary edema caused by increased alveolar capillary membrane permeability.

Question 32

PEEP increases ______ _____pressure which is the ______pressure in the lungs.

Answer 32

Intra-thoracic pressure