Pulmonary CCRN Flashcards
Can be a complication of PEEP is ________because applying positive pressure can lead to _________
Tension Pneumothorax; Barotrauma; decreased CO
Complications related to the use of high concentration of O2 for an extended period are: _____ and ______
oxygen toxicity ; absorption atelectasis.
When does oxygen toxicity occur? Any patient breathing oxygen concentration of _______for more than _____
> 50 %; 24 hours
What does breathing high concentration of O2 do? it replaces the _______ that ________ ________ ___ and help to ____ ____ ___ which is the ______ ______
Nitrogen; normally fills the alveoli and; keep them open; residual volume
Not to be used during an acute asthma attack are ________bronchodilators such as _________________
long-acting ; salmeterol
_________ pneumothorax occur when air in a pleural space is under high pressure than air in ________lung
Tension
The most common adverse effect of positive pressure ventilation is
Decreased venous return.
The volume of air your patient exhales with each breath after a normal resting inhalation
Tidal Volume
Decrease lung compliance means :
stiffened lungs
A high peak inspiratory pressure in a patient on a VOLUME mechanical ventilators indicates that lung compliance is (increased or decreased)
Decreased
List the 3 Virchow’s Triad for PE: VVH
- Venous stasis (immobilization)
- Hypercoagulability of blood
- Vessel trauma or abnormality.
ARDS can be caused with hypo/hyperalbuminemia __________which is when oncotic pressure (increase/decrease) allowing fluid to leak in the pulmonary capillaries. This fluid leakage decrease surfactant, which ____the lungs thus _______lung compliance.
HYPO-ALBUMINEMIA; DECREASE ; stiffens, decreasing
ARDS causes an_________ (Inc/dec) in shunting.
Increase
What is shunting?
blood returning partially un-oxygenated to the left side of the heart.
Which parameter is used to differentiate acute respiratory failure from chronic respiratory failure?
Arterial pH
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) is severe if less than _______ and FEV1 less than ___ L
<80L/min ; <1L
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) is moderate if ________and FEV1 is ___ to ___ L
80-200L/min; 1-2 L
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) is mild if greater than_______ and FEV1 greater than ___ L
> 200; 2
Which of the following factors may cause a patient’s SVO2 to rise? why?
Anesthetics and analgesics.; because in causes a decrease in oxygen consumption and subsequent increase in SVO2
When air leaks and become trapped between the alveoli _________
Pulmonary interstitial emphysema
When air leaks into the sac that surrounds the heart________
Pneumopericardium
When air leaks into the space between the chest wall and the outer tissue of the lungs _________
Pneumothorax
When air leaks into the mediastinum______
Pneumomediastinum
The procedure that removes a small portion of a patient’s lung without regard to segments?
Wedge resection
What is a pneumonectomy?
complete removal of an entire lung
Thoracotomy is
the process of making an incision into the chest wall.
What is the primary purpose of CPAP?
Stabilize previously closed alveoli.
List 3 other benefits of CPAP
Recruiting ______ ____
Decreasing _______
Enhanced _______ ________pressure
recruiting closed alveoli
decreasing atelectasis.
Enhanced end-expiratory pressure.
In PE, will oxygen therapy reverse hypoxemia?
NO
In PE hemoglobin cannot combine with
oxygen
What is ARDS? Noncardiac _____ ______caused by increased in _____ _____ ______ permeability.
non-cardiac pulmonary edema caused by increased alveolar capillary membrane permeability.
PEEP increases ______ _____pressure which is the ______pressure in the lungs.
Intra-thoracic pressure
