Pulmonary A&P Flashcards
(55 cards)
What involves the gas exchange pump? (conduction pathway)
Lung Tissue and airways
conducts airflow from outside –> alveoli and –> alveolar-capillary membrane
What involves the musculoskeletal ventilatory pump? what does is allow?
thoracic rib cage, cervical and thoracic spine, upper pelvic area and respiratory muscles
allow attachment for respiratory muscles and support/protection for lung
Where is the respiratory center located?
Medulla and Pons
what type of receptors respond to CO2 and pH in blood?
central chemoreceptors
What receptors can stimulate a change in RR?
central chemoreceptors
What is the primary stimulus in the control of ventilation? what is the secondary drive?
CO2 (CO2 and changes in pH)
O2 is secondary
What type of receptors in carotid and aortic arch respond to O2 and CO2
peripheral chemoreceptors
What is the pathway flow of air?
air in through nose or mouth
nasopharynx/oropharynx
trachea
carina (bifurcation) to many little airways
3 lobes of R or 2 lobes of L
lung tissue - parenchyma
alveoli
When we inhale the diaphragm ___
and the ___ muscle widens with the ribs
contracts and moves downward
external intercostals
The lower ribs do what kind of movements?
Lateral and A/P
bucket handle
The upper ribs do what kind of movements?
superior and outward elevation of thorax
pump handle
What is the function of the conducting zone? how many generation?
anything above bronchioles and alveoli sacs
warms and humidifies inspired air
filters and cleans
up to 16
How are particles trapped and taken out after breathing them in?
trapped in mucus
cilia moves it up and out to cough/blow nose
What is the function of the transitional and respiratory zone? how many generations?
includes respiratory bronchials and alveoli sacs
gas exchange b/w 1 alveoli and capillary
17+ generations
Where would you see turbulent flow in the airway?
trachea (big spaces)
Where would you expect to see laminar flow?
narrow airways (straight airways)
___: distensibility of tissues, promotes lung expansion, amount of pressure needed to expand tissues
compliance
decreased compliance = __ work = __ pressure to expand lungs
more work and more pressure
___: force which promotes return to normal, resistance to change
elastance
in an obstructive problem there is (increased or decreased) resistance?
increased
in obstructive you have decreased ___ making it harder to expand
estensibility? making it harder for airway to expand
in restrictive there is (increased or decreased) compliance?
decreased compliance
alveoli don’t want to open up
what happens to forces expiration in an obstructive disease?
airway starts to close down from pressure increase
What is closing volume?
What causes this?
while breathing the point which the airways begins to collapse
breathing hard causes closing
