Farm Quiz - Pulmonary Meds

Question 1

opioids to control cough
ex: codine, hydrocodone

Answer 1

antitussive

Question 2

How do antitussives work?
what is the primary side effects?

Answer 2

suppress sensitivity of cough reflex at the level of the brainstem
SE: developing addiction, some degree of tolerance

Question 3

How do antihistamines work?

Answer 3

reduce cough/sneeze by blocking the type 1 histamine (H1 receptors)

Question 4

SE of antihistamines? Why is this the older version not as used?

Answer 4

sedation, fatigue, dizziness, incoordination
older generation: antihistamines cross BBB and active the RAS –> tremors, more sedative

Question 5

How do decongestants work?

Answer 5

stimulates alpha 1 receptors in smooth muscle in nose –> vasoconstriction –> decreasing congestion

Question 6

Ephedrine (primatene), Oyxmetazoline (Afrin), pseudoepharine (sudafed) are examples of ___

Answer 6

decongestants

Question 7

Brompheniramine (Dimetapp), cetirizine (zyrtec), diphenhydramine (benadryl), (claratin) are examples of __

Answer 7

antihistamines

Question 8

What are SE of decongestants

Answer 8

increase sympathetic response –> CNS and cardiac excitation –> headache, dizziness, increase BP and palpitations

Question 9

How do mucolytics work?

Answer 9

decrease viscosity of respiratory secretions

Question 10

mucomyst, mucosil, pulmozyne are administered via __ and are examples of ___
What are the SE?

Answer 10

inhaler
mucolytics
nausea/vomit, inflammation of oral mucosa

Question 11

What combo of med + technique is helpful for airway clearance

Answer 11

mucolytics + airway clearance therapy

Question 12

How do expectorants work?

Answer 12

facilitate production and clearance of mucus

Question 13

Guaifenesin (Musinex) is an example of a ____
What are the SE?

Answer 13

Expectorant
minor GI disturbances

Question 14

How do Bronchodilators work?

Answer 14

stimulate B2 receptors in the respiratory smooth muscle –> relaxation of bronchiolar smooth muscle –> bronchodilation

Question 15

Ventolin (albuterol) and serevent (salmeterol) are exmaples of __
What are the SE?

Answer 15

B adrenergic agonists (bronchodilators)
SE: increase bronchial irritability and spasm, tolerance

Question 16

What is LABA and SABA?
What is the difference?

Answer 16

Long and short acting beta agonists (bronchodilators)
Long: taken once daily for maintenance
short: rescue inhaler, taken for quick response and relief

Question 17

What are LAMA and SAMA?
How do they work?

Answer 17

Long and short acting Muscarinic antagonists: Anticholinergic drugs (bronchodilators)
block parasympathetic stimulation –> prevent bronchoconstriction

Question 18

What are the SE of LAMA and SAMA

Answer 18

dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, tacchycardia, blurred vision, confusion

Question 19

What is the drug of choice in COPD (LAMA or LABA)

Answer 19

LAMA

Question 20

Adivar (fluticasone with salmeterol) and servent (salmeterol) are examples of ___

Answer 20

LABAs

Question 21

people with CB, emphysema, and asthma are usually on a ___

Answer 21

LABA

Question 22

albuterol sulfate is an example of a __

Answer 22

SABA

Question 23

Ipratropium (atrovent) and tiotropium (Spriva) are examples of ___

Answer 23

LAMAs

Question 24

How does glucocorticoids help bronchospasm in people with COPD and asthma

Answer 24

since its an anti-inflammatory it controls inflammation-mediated bronchospasm

Question 25

Prednisone, beclomethasone, budesonide are examples of __ What are the SE?

Answer 25

glucocorticoids osteoporosis, skin breakdown, muscle wasting, cataracts, HTN decrease risk with inhaled steroids

Question 26

What is the typical management of COPD?

Answer 26

combo of LABA and or anti-cholinergic (LAMA) plus inhaled cortiosteroid Exacerbation with SABA with possible SAMA

Question 27

how do leukotrine inhibitors work?

Answer 27

inflammatory compounds act on specific aspects of inflammation mediate airway inflammation by decreasing migration of eosinophils and production on mucus and constriction in broncho-contrictive diseases

Question 28

Montelukast (singulaire) is an example of a __ What are the SE?

Answer 28

Leukotrine inhibitor Liver toxicity, headaches, fatigue, n/v

Question 29

how does Xanthine derivatives work?

Answer 29

broncodilates and decreases function of inflammatory cells --> inflammatory response

Question 30

theophylline, aminophylline, and dypylline are examples of __ SE?

Answer 30

Xanthine derivatives nervousness, tachycardia, trembling, insomnia - watch for toxicity

Question 31

How does CFTR modulators work?

Answer 31

CFTR keeps sweat, lung and digestive secretions thin and slippery (mutations result in thick, viscous secretions in people with CF)

Question 32

Kalydeco (ivacaftor) and Orkambi (ivacaftor/lumacaftor) are examples of ___

Answer 32

CFTR Modulator therapies