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mod 3 > Farm Quiz - Pulmonary Meds > Flashcards

Farm Quiz - Pulmonary Meds Flashcards

1
Q

opioids to control cough
ex: codine, hydrocodone

A

antitussive

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2
Q

How do antitussives work?
what is the primary side effects?

A

suppress sensitivity of cough reflex at the level of the brainstem
SE: developing addiction, some degree of tolerance

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3
Q

How do antihistamines work?

A

reduce cough/sneeze by blocking the type 1 histamine (H1 receptors)

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4
Q

SE of antihistamines? Why is this the older version not as used?

A

sedation, fatigue, dizziness, incoordination
older generation: antihistamines cross BBB and active the RAS –> tremors, more sedative

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5
Q

How do decongestants work?

A

stimulates alpha 1 receptors in smooth muscle in nose –> vasoconstriction –> decreasing congestion

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6
Q

Ephedrine (primatene), Oyxmetazoline (Afrin), pseudoepharine (sudafed) are examples of ___

A

decongestants

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7
Q

Brompheniramine (Dimetapp), cetirizine (zyrtec), diphenhydramine (benadryl), (claratin) are examples of __

A

antihistamines

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8
Q

What are SE of decongestants

A

increase sympathetic response –> CNS and cardiac excitation –> headache, dizziness, increase BP and palpitations

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9
Q

How do mucolytics work?

A

decrease viscosity of respiratory secretions

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10
Q

mucomyst, mucosil, pulmozyne are administered via __ and are examples of ___
What are the SE?

A

inhaler
mucolytics
nausea/vomit, inflammation of oral mucosa

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11
Q

What combo of med + technique is helpful for airway clearance

A

mucolytics + airway clearance therapy

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12
Q

How do expectorants work?

A

facilitate production and clearance of mucus

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13
Q

Guaifenesin (Musinex) is an example of a ____
What are the SE?

A

Expectorant
minor GI disturbances

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14
Q

How do Bronchodilators work?

A

stimulate B2 receptors in the respiratory smooth muscle –> relaxation of bronchiolar smooth muscle –> bronchodilation

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15
Q

Ventolin (albuterol) and serevent (salmeterol) are exmaples of __
What are the SE?

A

B adrenergic agonists (bronchodilators)
SE: increase bronchial irritability and spasm, tolerance

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16
Q

What is LABA and SABA?
What is the difference?

A

Long and short acting beta agonists (bronchodilators)
Long: taken once daily for maintenance
short: rescue inhaler, taken for quick response and relief

17
Q

What are LAMA and SAMA?
How do they work?

A

Long and short acting Muscarinic antagonists: Anticholinergic drugs (bronchodilators)
block parasympathetic stimulation –> prevent bronchoconstriction

18
Q

What are the SE of LAMA and SAMA

A

dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, tacchycardia, blurred vision, confusion

19
Q

What is the drug of choice in COPD (LAMA or LABA)

A

LAMA

20
Q

Adivar (fluticasone with salmeterol) and servent (salmeterol) are examples of ___

A

LABAs

21
Q

people with CB, emphysema, and asthma are usually on a ___

A

LABA

22
Q

albuterol sulfate is an example of a __

A

SABA

23
Q

Ipratropium (atrovent) and tiotropium (Spriva) are examples of ___

A

LAMAs

24
Q

How does glucocorticoids help bronchospasm in people with COPD and asthma

A

since its an anti-inflammatory it controls inflammation-mediated bronchospasm

25
Q

Prednisone, beclomethasone, budesonide are examples of __
What are the SE?

A

glucocorticoids
osteoporosis, skin breakdown, muscle wasting, cataracts, HTN
decrease risk with inhaled steroids

26
Q

What is the typical management of COPD?

A

combo of LABA and or anti-cholinergic (LAMA) plus inhaled cortiosteroid

Exacerbation with SABA with possible SAMA

27
Q

how do leukotrine inhibitors work?

A

inflammatory compounds act on specific aspects of inflammation mediate airway inflammation by decreasing migration of eosinophils and production on mucus and constriction in broncho-contrictive diseases

28
Q

Montelukast (singulaire) is an example of a __
What are the SE?

A

Leukotrine inhibitor
Liver toxicity, headaches, fatigue, n/v

29
Q

how does Xanthine derivatives work?

A

broncodilates and decreases function of inflammatory cells –> inflammatory response

30
Q

theophylline, aminophylline, and dypylline are examples of __
SE?

A

Xanthine derivatives
nervousness, tachycardia, trembling, insomnia - watch for toxicity

31
Q

How does CFTR modulators work?

A

CFTR keeps sweat, lung and digestive secretions thin and slippery
(mutations result in thick, viscous secretions in people with CF)

32
Q

Kalydeco (ivacaftor) and Orkambi (ivacaftor/lumacaftor) are examples of ___

A

CFTR Modulator therapies

mod 3 (6 decks)

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