Farm Quiz - Pulmonary Meds Flashcards
opioids to control cough
ex: codine, hydrocodone
antitussive
How do antitussives work?
what is the primary side effects?
suppress sensitivity of cough reflex at the level of the brainstem
SE: developing addiction, some degree of tolerance
How do antihistamines work?
reduce cough/sneeze by blocking the type 1 histamine (H1 receptors)
SE of antihistamines? Why is this the older version not as used?
sedation, fatigue, dizziness, incoordination
older generation: antihistamines cross BBB and active the RAS –> tremors, more sedative
How do decongestants work?
stimulates alpha 1 receptors in smooth muscle in nose –> vasoconstriction –> decreasing congestion
Ephedrine (primatene), Oyxmetazoline (Afrin), pseudoepharine (sudafed) are examples of ___
decongestants
Brompheniramine (Dimetapp), cetirizine (zyrtec), diphenhydramine (benadryl), (claratin) are examples of __
antihistamines
What are SE of decongestants
increase sympathetic response –> CNS and cardiac excitation –> headache, dizziness, increase BP and palpitations
How do mucolytics work?
decrease viscosity of respiratory secretions
mucomyst, mucosil, pulmozyne are administered via __ and are examples of ___
What are the SE?
inhaler
mucolytics
nausea/vomit, inflammation of oral mucosa
What combo of med + technique is helpful for airway clearance
mucolytics + airway clearance therapy
How do expectorants work?
facilitate production and clearance of mucus
Guaifenesin (Musinex) is an example of a ____
What are the SE?
Expectorant
minor GI disturbances
How do Bronchodilators work?
stimulate B2 receptors in the respiratory smooth muscle –> relaxation of bronchiolar smooth muscle –> bronchodilation
Ventolin (albuterol) and serevent (salmeterol) are exmaples of __
What are the SE?
B adrenergic agonists (bronchodilators)
SE: increase bronchial irritability and spasm, tolerance
What is LABA and SABA?
What is the difference?
Long and short acting beta agonists (bronchodilators)
Long: taken once daily for maintenance
short: rescue inhaler, taken for quick response and relief
What are LAMA and SAMA?
How do they work?
Long and short acting Muscarinic antagonists: Anticholinergic drugs (bronchodilators)
block parasympathetic stimulation –> prevent bronchoconstriction
What are the SE of LAMA and SAMA
dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, tacchycardia, blurred vision, confusion
What is the drug of choice in COPD (LAMA or LABA)
LAMA
Adivar (fluticasone with salmeterol) and servent (salmeterol) are examples of ___
LABAs
people with CB, emphysema, and asthma are usually on a ___
LABA
albuterol sulfate is an example of a __
SABA
Ipratropium (atrovent) and tiotropium (Spriva) are examples of ___
LAMAs
How does glucocorticoids help bronchospasm in people with COPD and asthma
since its an anti-inflammatory it controls inflammation-mediated bronchospasm
Prednisone, beclomethasone, budesonide are examples of __
What are the SE?
glucocorticoids
osteoporosis, skin breakdown, muscle wasting, cataracts, HTN
decrease risk with inhaled steroids
What is the typical management of COPD?
combo of LABA and or anti-cholinergic (LAMA) plus inhaled cortiosteroid
Exacerbation with SABA with possible SAMA
how do leukotrine inhibitors work?
inflammatory compounds act on specific aspects of inflammation mediate airway inflammation by decreasing migration of eosinophils and production on mucus and constriction in broncho-contrictive diseases
Montelukast (singulaire) is an example of a __
What are the SE?
Leukotrine inhibitor
Liver toxicity, headaches, fatigue, n/v
how does Xanthine derivatives work?
broncodilates and decreases function of inflammatory cells –> inflammatory response
theophylline, aminophylline, and dypylline are examples of __
SE?
Xanthine derivatives
nervousness, tachycardia, trembling, insomnia - watch for toxicity
How does CFTR modulators work?
CFTR keeps sweat, lung and digestive secretions thin and slippery
(mutations result in thick, viscous secretions in people with CF)
Kalydeco (ivacaftor) and Orkambi (ivacaftor/lumacaftor) are examples of ___
CFTR Modulator therapies
