Heart Failure

Question 1

What kind of crackles would you hear with someone with HF

Answer 1

fine crackles

Question 2

L side HF is primarily caused by___

Answer 2

LV damage due to MI, clots

Question 3

LV damage –> decrease __ –> fluid backs up to LA –>

Answer 3

CO
pulmonary congestion and pulmonary edema with renal mediated fluid retention

Question 4

what s/s will someone with L HF present?

Answer 4

cough and dyspnea

Question 5

R sided HF is primarily caused by

Answer 5

overwork, viral, leading to cardiomyopathy, RV MI,

Question 6

RV damage –> increased __ in pulmonary artery

Answer 6

pressure

Question 7

R HR –> dec __ from RV –>

Answer 7

CO
venous congestion (JVD, peripheral edema)

Question 8

where would you see edema in someone in bed with R HF

Answer 8

posterior (sacral)

Question 9

where would you see edema in someone usually with R HF

Answer 9

feet and legs (gravity dependent)

Question 10

what sided HF would you see ascites, and pleural effusion

Answer 10

Right HF

Question 11

What is the primary problem in someone with HF reduced EF (systolic)

Answer 11

decreased myocardial contractility

Question 12

What is decreased with systolic HF

Answer 12

EF
SV
CO

Question 13

what the ejection fraction of someone with reduced EF (systolic) HF
what does that mean?

Answer 13

<40 %
the heart is pumping out less than 40% of what it was filled with

Question 14

What is the primary problem in someone with HF preserved EF (diastolic)
why?

Answer 14

difficulty with ventricular filling during diastole
the ventricles are stiff and small

Question 15

what is decreased in diastolic HF

Answer 15

EDV
SV
CO

Question 16

what is the EF in someone with preservedEF HF

Answer 16

> 50%

Question 17

what is normal EF?

Answer 17

60-70%

Question 18

What are the 3 main causes of HF

Answer 18

hypertension
coronary artery disease (MI)
renal insufficiency

Question 19

hypertension usually leads to what kind of HF

Answer 19

systolic (left)

Question 20

with renal insufficiency, how is that leading to HF

Answer 20

kidneys can’t keep up, increasing fluid, increasing preload

Question 21

what is LVEDV

Answer 21

preload aka how much is coming in

Question 22

LVEDV is telling us what

Answer 22

the degree of stretch on the myocardium

Question 23

what is PCWP giving us a measure for?
what is a not good number

Answer 23

meauring LVEDV
>15-20

Question 24

what are the 4 stages of HF

Answer 24

1: no limitation
2: slight limitation, comfy rest, fatigue dyspnea on ordinary activity
3: marked limitation, comfy at rest, ADLs with fatigue and dyspnea
4: symptoms at rest and activity