Muscles of Respiration Flashcards
The diaphragm ___ the lower ribs when abdominal viscera blocks further decent
elevated
The diaphragm is innervated by
Phrenic nerve C3-5
The scalenes stabilizes and elevates __
Scalenes are innervated by __
Ribs 1 and 2
C3-8
The external intercostals stabilize the ___ and increase ___ of the ____
rib cage and rigidity of intercostal spaces
external intercostals are innervated by
T1-T11
What are the primary muscles of inspiration?
Diaphragm
Scalenes
External intercostals
What are the accessory muscles of inhalation
SCM
Serratus Anterior
Pecs
Levator Costorum
Serratus posterior superior
What is the function of the accessor muscles of inhalation?
(Except SCM what is that guys job)
rib elevation
SCM: elevates sternum
What are the stabilizing and supporting muscles
Trap
Erector Spinae
Levator Scap
Rhomboids
Abdominals
What does the trap stabilize?
head, neck, and scap
What does the erector spinae stabilize
neck, extended trunk
What does the levator scap and rhomboids stabilize?
the scap
what does the abdominals stabilize and support
abdominal viscera
What muscles do forced exhalation
Whats the innervation?
Abs
T6 - L1
What are the secondary muscles for forced exhalation or cough?
Pec Major
Intercostals
Serratus posterior inferior
Quadratus lumborum
What muscles are going to depress lower ribs
serratus posterior and QL
What muscle is going to depress sternum and upper rib with cough
Pec major
SCI C1- C2
what motions are impaired?
Ins:
Exp:
all 3 motions are impaired, vent dependent
no insp or exp
SCI C3 - C3
what motions are impaired? vital capacity?
Ins:
Exp:
all 3 motions impaired
C4 vital capacity 24% of norm
insp: have partial accessory muscles
exp: no secondary, only passive
SCI C5- C8
what motions are impaired?
Ins:
Exp:
2 motions impaired (anterior, lateral)
C4 vital capacity 30% of normal
insp: diaphragm intact, above clavicle intact, pec partial
exp: no secondary only passive
what levels would you be teaching airway clearance or self-assist cough to
up to T11 because thats when abs come back
SCI T1-T5
what motions are impaired?
Ins:
Exp:
lateral motion impaired
insp: serrates, scalenes, and diaphragm intact (normal inspiration)
exp: maybe partial intercostals
SCI T6 - T12
what motions are impaired?
Ins:
Exp:
lateral motion improving
significantly improved cough
exp: some partial abs partial intercostals
What is the origin and insertion of the diaphragm
origin: L1 -L3 vertebrae, xyphoid, lower 4 ribs, lower 6 costal cartilage
insertion: central tendon
serrates anterior: ribs __
1-9
pec minor: ribs ___
3-5
pec major: ribs __
1-6
levator costorum: ribs __
2-12
serratus posterior superior: ribs__
2-4
exercises for diaphragm
belted breathing on inspiration
resistance in supine on diaphragm during inspiration
what will stretch levator costorum
side bending
stretch and strengthen serrates posterior superior
stretch: self hug
strengthen: proper posture, open chest fly
stretch and strengthen trap
stretch: lateral neck flexion, bring shoulders forward holding onto knee, reach to opposite knee
strengthen: shrug, Ts, bent over Ys
levator scap stretch and strength
stretch: sniff pit
strengthen: shoulder shrug, rolls
abs stretch and strength
stretch: upward dog, thoracic extension
strength: blow into balloon, resisted breathing
transverse abd stretch and strengthen
stretch: mermaid, trunk rotations
strengthen: dead bugs, pull belly button to spine
internal intercostals strengthening
breath through balloon
forced exhalation
