Pulmonary Flashcards
sudden onset of pleuritic chest pain, productive cough and fever x1day. symptoms of “cold” x1 week. suddenly worse yesterday. what would you find on a physical exam?
mostly likely has bacterial pneumonia with consolidation, which would produce egophony, where “ee” is hear as “ay”
common symptom associated with laryngotracheobronchitis
laryngotracheobronchitis aa viral croup
characterized by hx of upper respiratory tract symptoms followed by onset of a BARKING COUGH and STRIDOR
a foreign body lodged in the trachea that is causing partial obstruction will most likely produce what physical examination finding?
Stridor
An inspiratory wheeze is called stridor, which indicates a partial obstruction of the trachea or larynx
physical examination you hear decreased tactile fremitus, resonant to hyperresonant percussion, not dullness
asthma
physical examination you hear increased tactile fremitus, dullness to percussion
consolidation from pneumonia
physical examination you hear decrease or absent tactile fremitus and hyperresonant percussion
pneumothorax
physical examination you hear decreased tactile fremitus and dullness to percussion
pleural effusion
pneumothorax is
collapse lung where air leaks bwtn chest wall and lung space.
lung consolidation
air is replaced with fluid (pus or blood) in alveoli
which of the following is essential to make a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis
elevated sweat chloride or demonstration of a genotype consistent with cystic fibrosis
A 23 year-old female with history of asthma for the past 5 years presents with complaints of increasing shortness of breath for 2 days. Her asthma has been well controlled until 2 days ago and since yesterday she has been using her albuterol inhaler every 4-6 hours. She is normally very active, however yesterday she did not complete her 30 minutes exercise routine due to increasing dyspnea. She denies any cough, fever, recent surgeries or use of oral contraceptives. On examination, you note the presence of prolonged expiration and diffuse wheezing. The remainder of the exam is unremarkable. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial diagnostic evaluation prior to initiation of treatment?
peak flow will help gauge her current extent of airflow obstruction and helpful in monitoring effectiveness of treatment interventions.
A patient presents with a history of progressive worsening of dyspnea over the past several years. He gives a history of having worked as a ship builder for over 50 years. He denies any alcohol or tobacco use. On examination you note clubbing and inspiratory crackles. Which of the following chest x-ray findings support your suspected diagnosis?
interstitial fibrosis and pleural thickening
WHich disease is the most common cause of respiratory distress in the premature infant. The infant typically presents with tachypnea, cyanosis and expiratory grunting. A chest x-ray reveals hypoexpansion and air bronchograms.
Hyaline membrane disease
A 15 year-old male presents with a 1 week history of hacking non-productive cough, low grade fever, malaise and myalgias. Examination is unremarkable except for a few scattered rhonchi and rales upon auscultation of the chest. The chest x-ray reveals interstitial infiltrates and a cold agglutinin titer was negative. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
viral pneumonia
patient’s clinical symptoms of dry cough and rhonchi support this diagnosis, the chest x-ray would be normal or only show a mild increase in bronchovascular markings, not infiltrates
acute bronchitis
Patients with ______ present with an insidious onset of dyspnea that may be associated with malaise and fever. Incidence is the highest in the African American population and females are affected more frequently than males. Typical chest x-ray findings include bilateral hilar and right paratracheal lymphadenopathy.
sarcoidosis
A 17 year-old male who is trying out for the track team notes excessive coughing with chest tightness when running. Which of the following is the most appropriate preventive agent for this patient?
albuterol inhaler (Proventil)
which meidcation with the main use is with suppression of mucous secretions and this is not a component of the exercise-induced asthma patient.
Ipratropium (ATROvent)
Drug choice for influenza prophylaxis in patient who did not receive flu vaccine within the year?
either zanamivir or oseltamivir prophylactic against influenza A or B
Short acting inhaled bronchodilators
albuterol, salbutamol, ipratropium
long acting beta agonist bronchodilator
salmeterol, formoterol
ultra long beta agonist
indacaterol, olodaterol, vilanterol
A pt has undergone surgical immobilization for a femur fx and reports dyspnea and chest pain associated with inspiration. The Pt’s HT is 120 bpm. What Dx test will confirm a PE?
CT angiography
A 65 year old has not had the influenza vaccine is exposed to the flu and comes to the clinic the following day with fever and watery red eyes. What will the provider do?
Perform a nasal swab for RT-PCR assay
Choose all that apply - The following requires immediate intervention and hospitalization:
Tension pneumothorax, secondary spontaneous pneumothorax*
An adult develops chronic cough with episodes of wheezing and SOB. The provider performs chest xray & other tests the r/o infection, upper respiratory & GI causes. Which test will provider order initially to evaluate the possibility of asthma as the cause of these symptoms?
Spirometry
