APEA and BOARDS Flashcards
Assessment of the optic disc is a component of the evaluation of cranial nerve: I. II. III. .IV
Cranial II
You examine a 62-year-old woman with a 20-year history of hypertension. She reports intermittent use of antihypertensive medications, stating, “I feel better without the medications.” Today she presents for a “check-up.”On physical examination, you note the following: PMI with a downward and lateral shift as well as a Gr II/VI holosystolic murmur with radiation to the axilla. This patient’s health history is most likely to include a report of: Syncopal episodes. Episodes of chest pain at rest. Dyspnea with exertion. Vertigo.
Ans: dyspnea on exertion
Of the following, which should be performed first in assessing a 48-year-old woman who has a 25-year history of moderate persistent asthma and who now presents with an acute asthma flare? Oxygen saturation Arterial blood gas FEV1 (forced expiratory volume at 1 second) Chest x-ray
Ans: FEV (force expiratory volume)
You are setting up a healthcare clinic for migrant farm workers. Which of the following sites is most desirable? Community hall of a local church Local hospital ambulatory care center Mobile van Space in a shopping center
Ans: Mobile van
A 58-year-old woman presents for an initial examination in order to become a patient in your primary care practice. She is a nonsmoker, drinks 1 to 2, 5 oz (0.15 L) glasses of wine per week, and works as an administrative assistant in a law office. She is without complaint and reports that she is generally in good health. Physical exam reveals BMI=34 kg/m2 and BP=144/98 mm Hg bilaterally. The rest of her examination is unremarkable. Prescribe a low-dose thiazide diuretic. Arrange for additional blood pressure measurements within the next four weeks. Order a serum creatinine, urea nitrogen and urinalysis. Advise restricting sodium intake and limiting alcohol intake to no more than 1 glass of wine per week.
Ans: Arrange for additional blood pressure measurements within the next four weeks.
The NP demonstrates fulfillment of the advanced practice nursing leadership role by participating in which of the following activities? Teaching a 56-year-old man with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus about the importance of self-glucose monitoring Volunteering to teach a class on contraceptive methods to a group of teen mothers Discussing barriers to achieving blood pressure control with a 65-year-old woman with hypertension who “does not want to take any medicine” Collaborating with the regional public health department on an initiative to combat obesity through a community-based exercise program
Ans: Collaborating with the regional public health department on an initiative to combat obesity through a community-based exercise program
ARBS
Examples of angiotensin II receptor blockers include: Azilsartan (Edarbi) Candesartan (Atacand) Eprosartan Irbesartan (Avapro) Losartan (Cozaar) Olmesartan (Benicar) Telmisartan (Micardis) Valsartan (Diovan)
Angiotensin II receptor blockers
Angiotensin II receptor blockers help relax your veins and arteries to lower your blood pressure and make it easier for your heart to pump blood. Angiotensin is a chemical in your body that narrows your blood vessels. This narrowing can increase your blood pressure and force your heart to work harder. Angiotensin II receptor blockers block the action of angiotensin II. As a result, the medication allows your veins and arteries to widen (dilate).
What should be avoided in patients on ARBS
K+ SUPPLEMENTS(BECAUSE WORKS ON ANGIO-RENIN-ALDOST SYSTEM WHICH SPARES K+)
TCA’S SHOULD NOT BE USED WHEN
IN ANYONE WITH CONDUCTION DEFECTS(CAUSES BRADYCARDIA) AND IS AN ANTICHOLERGIC EFFECT
If over 30 years old, HPV and PAP are normal, when should the next screening be?
Every 5 Years
After age 30, if only a PAP was performed and results are normal, when is the next screening?
3 Years
What finger is not Affected by Carpal Tunnel syndrome?
Fifth finger (pinky) The thumb to the 4th finger can be affected.
OA does not affect which joint?
Wrist It usually affects the fingers, hips, knees, and spine.
WHAT CLASS ABX SHOULD BE STATED FOR UNCOMPLICATED PNEUMONIA IN HEALTHY PATIENTS WITH NO OTHER COMPLICATIONS
MACROLIDE (AZITHROMYCIN OR CLARAMYCIN)OR DOXYCYCLINE
MACROLIDE
AZITHROMYCIN OR CLARAMYCIN
Preauricular nodes drain from where?
Eyes
rubella and measles rash
erythematous brick red maculopapular that states at back and neck then speeds to the extremities.
Roseola
generalized maculopapular rash preceded by 3 days of high fever.
Varicella
classic crops of eruptions on the trunk that spread to the face. The rash is maculopapular initially and then crusts.
A decrease in blood pressure is commonly observed in pregnant women in their ______
2nd trimester
Diabetic nephropathy
presence of diabetes and more than 300 mg/d of albuminuria on at least 2 occasions separated by 3-6 months.
Romberg test
test equilibrium
Syphilis is defines as
painless lesion but it presents as an ulceration with a hard edge and clean, yellow base.
INR normal range
target 2.0-3.0
Cholesterol normal range
Total Cholesterol <200
HDL 40 or higher Men; 50 or higher Female
LDL <100; below 70 if CAD present
Triglycerides <149; ideal <100
one week after initiation of ACE inhibitor, which lab values should be checked?
Common practice is to monitor potassium, BUN, and Cr at about one week after initiation of an ACE inhibitor and with each increase in dosage.
most common pathogen of atypical pneumonia
Mycoplasma is the most common pathogen. This organism causes “walking pneumonia” that is very prevalent in a young adult population
An ACE inhibitor is specifically indicated in patients who have
HTN
diabetes with proteinuria
HF
Ace Inhibitors are also indicated who patient who have renal insufficiency
In order to establish pregnancy, a pregnancy test of the urine or blood is routinely performed. How early can this be done with reliable results?
1-2 Weeks after conception
Breastfeeding is considered
a negative risk factor for acute otitis media because it decreases the risk of otitis media.
anemia of chronic disease
normocytic, normochromic anemia.
what WBC is predominate in a viral infection.
This is usually characterized by a predominance of lymphocytes. common in mono
Eosinophilia
is typical in parasitic infections and allergic reactions
Leukocytosis I
predominance of white cells
