pulmonary

Question 1

what happens to alveolar ventilation as you take deeper breaths, and why?

Answer 1

Alveolar ventilation goes up when you take deeper breaths. Because as you get less tidal volume, you still have the same amount of dead space; more goes to alveoli .

Question 2

what happens to alveolar ventilation during exercise?

Answer 2

With exercise, you take deeper breaths and you get increased respiratory minute volume and increased alveolar ventilation . energetically expensive

Question 3

describe effects on Oxyhemoglobin dissocation curve during exercise, and why that happens

Answer 3

curve shifts right.

when you work out produce lactic acid; increased acid lowers pH, works to shift curve right. also increased temp shifts right .

your body needs more oxygen delivered to the tissues; by shifting right, its lowering the affinity of Hb for O2 so Hb is like ugh get this O2 off of me! easily releases it to the blood and tissues

Question 4

what’s different about fetal hemoglobin?

Answer 4

greater affinity for O2 than mom’s blood (curve is shifted way left) to enable baby to steal O2 from mom’s blood

Question 5

how can your body adjust levels of hematocrit?

Answer 5

kidney responds to a decrease in the pressure of Oxygen. adjust RBC # via erythroprotein

Hematocrit- % blood that is red blood cells
Females- 38-46
Male- 42-54

Question 6

describe CO2 transport in the blood from tissue cell and the involvement of carbonic anhydrase

Answer 6

Carbon dioxide (CO2) picked up at the tissue level is transported in the blood to the lungs in three ways: 1 physically dissolved; 2 bound to hemoglobin (Hb), and 3 as bicarbonate ion (HCO3 –).

Hemoglobin is present only in the red blood cells, as is carbonic anhydrase, the enzyme that catalyzes the production of HCO3 –. The H+ generated during the production of HCO3 – also binds to Hb.

Bicarbonate moves by facilitated diffusion down its concentration gradient out of the red blood cell into the plasma, and chloride (Cl–) moves by means of the same passive carrier into the red blood cell down the electrical gradient created by the outward diffusion of HCO3 –.

Question 7

highest partial pressure of oxygen/co2 in body?

Answer 7

alveoli: pO2 highest pCO2 lowest

capillaries (venuous circulation) : pO2 lowest, pCO2 highest

Question 8

describe gas exchange between alveoli and capillaries ; what goes where?

Answer 8

O2 leaves alveoli, goes to capillaries. in turn, capillaries release Co2 to alveoli and you breathe it out