Pulmonary Flashcards
Risk factors for DVT
Stasis
Endothelial injury
Hypercoagulability
(Virchow’s Triad)
Criteria for exudative effusion
Pleural / Serum Protein >0.5
Pleural / Serum LDH >0.6
Causes of Exudative Effusion
Think of leaky Capillaries
Malignancy TB Bacterial or Viral Infection Pulmonary Embolism with infarct Pancreatitis
Causes of Transudative Effusion
Think of Intact capillaries
CHF
Liver or Kidney Disease
Protein losing enteropathy
Normalizing PC02 in a pt having an asthma exacerbation may indicate?
Fatigue and impending respiratory failure
Dyspnea, laterla hilar lymphadenopathy on CXR, non-caseating granulomas, Increase ACE and Hypercalcemia
Sarcoidosis
PFTs showing decrease FEV1/FVC
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Asthma)
PFTs showing Increase FEV1/FVC
Restrictive Pulmonary Disease
Honeycomb pattern on CXR
DX
TX
Diffuse interstital pulomnary fibrosis
Supportive care
Steroids may help
Tx for SVC syndrome
Radiation
Tx for Mild, persistent asthma
Inhaled B agonsists and inhaled corticosteroids
Tx for COPD exacerbation
02 Bronchodilators Antibiotics Steroids with taper Smoking Cessation
Tx for Chronic COPD
Smoking Cessation Home 02 B agonists Anticholinergics Systemic or Inhaled corticosteroids Flu and Pneumococcal Vaccines
Acid base disorder in pulmonary embolism
Hypoxia and Hypocarbia (Respiratory Alkalosis)
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLUC) assocaited with Hypercalcemia
Squamous cell lung cancer
Lung cancer associated with SIADH
Small Cell
Lung cancer highly related to cigarette exposure
SCLS
Tall white male presents with acute SOB
DX
TX
Spontaneous pneumothorax
Spontaneous regression
Supplemental 02 may be helpful
Tx of Tension Pneumothorax
Immediate needle thoracostomy
Characteristics favoring carcinoma in an isolated pulmonary nodule
Age >45-50 years
lesions new or larger in comparison to old films
Absence of calcification or irregular calcifications
Size >2 irregular margins
Hypoxemia and pulmonary edema with normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
ARDS
Sequelaw of Asbestos exposure
Pulmonary fibrosis
Pleural plaques
Bronchogenic carcinoma (Mass in lung field)
Mesothelioma (Pleural mass)
Increase risk of what infection with Silicosis
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Causes of Hypoxemia
Right to left shunt
Hypoventilation
Low inspired 02 tension
Diffusion defect
V/Q mismatch
Classic CXR findings for pulmonary edema
Cardiomegaly prminent pulmonary vessels
Kerley B Lines
Bat’s wing appearance of hilar shadows, and perivascular and peribronchial cuffing