Hematology / Oncology Flashcards
4 causes of Microcytic Anemia
TICS
Thalassemia
Iron Deficiency
Anemia of Chronic Disease
Sideroblastic Anemia
Elderly man with hypochromic, microcytic anemia is asymptomatic. Diagnostic Test?
Fecal Occult blood test and sigmoidoscopy
Suspect Colorectal cancer
Precipitants of hemolytic crisis in pt with G6PD deficiency
Sulfonamides
Antimalarial drugs
Fava Beans
Most common inherited cause of hypercoagulability
Factor V leiden Mutation
Most common inherited bleeding disorder
Von Willebrand’s Disease
Most common inherited hemolytic anemia
Hereditary Spherocytosis
Pure RBC aplasia
Diamond-Blackfan Anemia
Anemia associated with abscent radii and thumbs, diffuse hyperpigmentation, cafe au lait spots, microcephaly and pancytopenia
Fanconi’s Anemia
Medications and Viruses that lead to aplastic anemia
Chloramphenicol Sulfonamides Radiation HIV Chemo Agents Hepatitis Parvovirus B19 EBV
Distinguish Polycthemia Vera from 2 Plycythemia
Both have increase Hematocrit and RBC mass
Polycythemia Vera should have NORMAL 02 saturation and low erythropoietin levels
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) pentad?
FAT RN
Fever Anemia Thrombocytopenia Renal Dysfunction Neurologic Abnormalities
HUS Triad
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Acute renal failure
Treatment for TTP?
Emergent Large Volume plasmapheresis
Corticosteroids
Anti-Platelet drugs
Tx for Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) in children
Usually resolves spontaneously
May require:
IVID and/or Steroids
Which of the following are increased in DIC:
Fibrin Split products D- Dimer Fibrinogen Platelets Hematocrit
Fibrin split products increase
D-dimers increase
Platelets Decrease
Fibrinogen Decrease
Hematocrit Decrease
8 y/o presents with hemarthrosis and increase PTT with normal PT and bleeding time. Diagnosis? Tx?
Hemophilia A or B; consider desmopression, or factor VIII or IX Supplements
14 y/o girl presents with prolonged bleeding after dental surgery and with menses, normal PT, normal or increase PTT, and increase bleeding time. Diagnosis? Tx?
Von williebrand’s disease; treat with desmopressiin, FFP or Cryoprecipitate
60 y/o AA man presents with bone pain. Workup for multiple myeloma might reveal?
Monoclonal gammopathy
Bence Jones proteinuria
Punched out lesions on Xray of skill and long bones
Reed-Sternberg Cells
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
10 y/o boy presents with fever, weight loss, and night sweats. Exam shows anterior mediastinal mass. Suspected diagnosis?
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Microcytic Anemia with decrease serum iron, decrease total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and normal or increase ferritin
Anemia of Chronic Disease
Microcytic Anemia with decrease serum iron, decrease ferritin and increase TIBC
Iron Deficiency Anemia
80 y/o man presents with fatigue, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and isolated lymphocytosis. Suspected diagnosis
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
The Lymphoma equivalent of CLL
Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma
Late, Life-threatening complicatoin fo chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
Blast Crisis (Fever, Bone Pain, Splenomegaly, Pancytopenia)
Auer rods on blood smear
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
AML Subtype associated with DIC
M3
Electrolyte changes in Tumor lysis syndrome
Decrease
- Ca
Increase
- K
- Phosphate
- Uric Acid
Treatment for AML M3
Retinoic Acid
50 year old man presents with early satiety, splenomegaly, and bleeding. Cytogenetics show t(9,22). Diagnosis?
CML
Heinz Body
Intracellular inclusions seen in thalassemia
G6PD
Post-Splenectomy
AR disorder with a defect in the GP IIB / IIIa platelet receptor and decrease platelet aggregation
Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia
Virus associated with aplastic anemia in pt with sickle cell anemia
Parvovirus B19
25 year old AA man with sickle cell anemia has sudden onset of bone pain. Pain management for crisis
02
Analgesia
Hydration
Transfusion
NEED TO TO MORPHINE
Significant cause of morbidity in thalassemia pt. Treatment?
Iron Overload
use Deferoxamine
