Cardiovascular Flashcards
Classic ECG finding in Atrial Flutter
Sawtooth P waves
Definition of Unstable Angina
Angina is new
Angina is worsening
Angina occurs at rest
HTN Meds for Diabetic pt with Proteinuria
ACE-I
Beck’s Triad for Cardiac Tamponade
HypoTension
Distant Heart Sounds
JVD
Drugs that slow AV node transmission
BB
Digoxin
CCB
Hypercholesterolemia tx that leads to flushing and pruritus
Niacin
Murmur:
Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM)
Systolic Ejection Murmur heard along the lateral sternal border that increases with Valsalva maneuver and standing
Murmur:
Aortic Insufficiency
Diastolic, decrescendo, high pitched, bowing murmur that is best heard sitting up
Increase with decreased preload (Hand-grip_ maneuver
Murmur:
Aortic Stenosis
Systolic Crescendo / Decreascendo murmur that radiates to the neck
Increase with increase preload (Valsalva Maneuver)
Murmur:
Mitral Regurgitation
Holosystolic murmur that radiates to the axillae
Murmur:
Mitral Stenosis
Diastolic, Mid to late, low pitched mumur
Tx for Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter
If unstable:
- Cardiovert
Stable
- Rate control with CCB or BB
Tx for Ventricular Fibrillation
Immediate Cardiovert
Autoimmune complication occurring 2 - 4 weeks post MI
Dressler’s Syndrome:
- Fever
- Pericarditis
- Increase ESR
IV drug use with JVD and Holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border.
Treatment?
Tx existing heart rate
Replace tricuspid valve
Diagnostic test for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Echocardiogram
showing thickened left ventricular wall and outflow obstruction
Fall in systolic BP of >10 mmHg with inspiration
Pulsus paradoxus (Cardiac tamponade)
Classic ECG finding in pericarditis
Low voltage
diffuse ST segment elevation
Definition of HTN
B.P. > 140/90 on 3 seperate occasions two weeks apart
Eight surgically correctable causes of HTN
- Renal Artery Stenosis
- Coarctation of Aorta
- Pheochromocytoma
- Conn’s
- Curshings
Unilateral Renal Parenchymal Disease - Hyperthyroid
- Hyperparathyroidism
Evaluation of a pulsatile abdominal mass and bruit
Abdominal U/S & CT
Indiactions for surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm
> 5.5 cm
Rapid enlarging
Symptomatic
Ruptured
Tx for Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
Morphine 02 Sublingual Nitro ASA IV BB Heparin
Metabolic Syndrome
Abdominal Obesity High Triglycerides Low HDL HTN Insulin Resistance Prothrombotic States
Appropriate Diagnostic Test?
- 50 year oldl man with angina can exercise to 85% of maximum predicted HR.
Exercise stress treatmill with ECG
Appropriate Diagnostic Test?
65 y/o women with LBBB and severe osteoarthritis has unstable angina
Pharmacologic stress test
dobutamine echo
Target LDL in pt with DM
<70
Signs of active ischemia during stress test
- Angina
- ST segment changes on ECG
- Decrease B.P.
ECG finding of MI
- ST segment elevation
(depression means ischemia) - Flattened T waves
- Q waves
Coronary Territories in MI
Anterior wall (LAD / Diagonal
Inferior (PDA)
Posterior (Left circumflex / oblique, RCA / Marginal)
Septum (LAD / Diagonal)
Young pt has angina at rest with ST segment elevation
Cardiac Enzymes are normal
Prinzmetal’s Angina
Common symptoms associated with silent MIs
- CHF
- Shock
- Altered Mental Status
The diagnostic test for pulmonary embolism
V/Q scan or CT
Agent that reverses the effects of heparin
Protamine
Coagulation parameter affected by warfarin
PT
Young PT with family history of sudden death collapses and dies while exercising
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Endocarditis prophylaxis regimens
Oral Surgery - Amoxicillin
GI / GU - Ampicillin and Gentamicin before and Amoxicillin after
6 “P’s” of ischemia due to peripheral vascular disease
- Pain
- Palor
- Pulselessness
- Paralysis
- Paresthesia
- Poikilothermia
Virchow’s Triad
- Stasis
- Hypercoagulability
- Endothelial Damage
MCC of HTN in young women
OCPs
MCC HTN in young men
Excessive etOH
