Pulmonary

Question 1

Decreased FEV1 and low FEV1/FEV below 56%

Answer 1

Obstructive

Question 2

A reduced (<70%) FEV1/FVC ratio

Answer 2

Obstructive

Question 3

FEV1/FVC ratio above 70%

Answer 3

Restrictive

Question 4

FEV1, FVC and TLC are all reduced

Answer 4

Restrictive lung disease

Question 5

Asthma

Answer 5

Obstructive

Question 6

Intrinsic Asthma

Answer 6

Trigged by anxiety, GERD, Obesity, chemicals like ASA
more common in adults

Question 7

Extrinsic Astham

Answer 7

outside environment triggers, elevated IgE,
more common in kids

Question 8

Treatment of mild Asthma

Answer 8

SABA inhaler

Question 9

Mild -persistent asthma characteristics

Answer 9

night symptoms 3-4 days a month

Question 10

Chronic airway inflammation, bronchial hyperreactivity and smooth muscle spasm.

Answer 10

Asthma

Question 11

Hygiene hypothesis

Answer 11

overstimulation of immune cells due to decreased illness due to vaccines, limited exposure, natural exposures to infections agents, more sterile environment

Question 12

GERD related to Asthma

Answer 12

vagal stimulation due to acid – acetylcholine release = bronchoconstriction

Question 13

air passing through narrowed bronchioles and mucus during exhalation causes

Answer 13

Wheezing

Question 14

Common spirometry in asthma

Answer 14

there is a scooping nature to the flow volume loop.

Question 15

FEV1 decreased progressive and unresponsive to bronchodilator

Answer 15

COPD

Question 16

2 diagnoses under COPD

Answer 16

Emphysema and chronic bronchitis

Question 17

GOLD 1

Answer 17

FVE1 > 80 predicted

Question 18

GOLD 2

Answer 18

50 % FVE1 < 80

Question 19

GOLD 3

Answer 19

30 % FVE1 < 50

Question 20

GOLD 4

Answer 20

FEV1 < 30% predicted

Question 21

When damage occurs in the Alveoli

Answer 21

Emphysema

Question 22

Barrel chest, air trapping, pursed lip breathing, increased AP diameter,

Answer 22

Emphysema

Question 23

CXR findings with emphysema

Answer 23

lateral view with flattened diaphragm and increased AP diameter

Question 24

When damage occurs in the airway and not alveoli

Answer 24

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 25

by bronchial hyperinflation, hypersecretion of mucus, and chronic productive cough; irreversible

Answer 25

COPD

Question 26

V/Q mismatch in COPD

Answer 26

high CO2 = not good for gas exchange/ right to left shunting

Question 27

Hyperresonance is the characteristic lung percussion finding

Answer 27

COPD

Question 28

Cor pulmonale

Answer 28

due to high pressure in right heart - causes fluid to back up into the body organs from the right side of the heart, causing splenomegaly or an enlarged spleen.

Question 29

A normal FEV1/FVC points to

Answer 29

Restrictive disease

Question 30

any disease affecting the pulmonary interstitium and typically excludes infectious and neoplastic diseases.

Answer 30

ILD

Question 31

Drugs most commonly associated with ILD

Answer 31

• Methotrexate
• Amiodarone
• Nitrofurantoin

Question 32

The most diagnosed interstitial lung diseases

Answer 32

Radiation pneumonitis

Question 33

characteristic finding of on a chest x-ray of an individual with ILD

Answer 33

a honey-comb pattern

Question 34

gold standard for diagnosing asthma

Answer 34

Methacholine Challenge Test