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NUR507 Midterm > Hypersensitivity > Flashcards

Hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

Hypersensitivity

A

Altered immunological status to antigen and results in damage/disease

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2
Q

Hypersensitive reaction includes:

A

Allergy, Autoimmunity, and Alloimmunity

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3
Q

Familial Autoimmune disease

A

Major histocompatibility complex genes
Family member can have different affects

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4
Q

Alloimmunity

A
  • Human to human
  • immune system attacks self or things given from another human
  • transplant, neonatal disease (maternal immune system, blood transfusion reaction)
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5
Q

Type 1 Hypersensitivity

A

Immediate
IgE
Mast cells

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6
Q

Most dangerous Type 1 hypersensitivity action

A

Anaphylactic

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7
Q

Local type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

A

Rash
itching
erythema

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8
Q

Systemic type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

A

Wheezing

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9
Q

Hay Fever (allergic rhinitis)

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Mast cell degranulation

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10
Q

Treatment of type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

A

Antihistamines/epi

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11
Q

Type II hypersensitivity reaction

A

Immediate
IgG/IgM
Macrophages

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12
Q

Cytotoxic/organ specific

A

Type II hypersensitivity reaction

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13
Q

Graves disease

A

Type II hypersensitivity reaction

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14
Q

Drug allergies

A

Type II hypersensitivity reaction

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15
Q

Transfusion reaction

A

Type II hypersensitivity reaction

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16
Q

What hypersensitivity reaction is tissue specific

A

Type II hypersensitivity reaction

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17
Q

Type III hypersensitivity reaction

A

Immediate
IgG/IgM
Neutrophils

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18
Q

Serum Sickness

A

Type III hypersensitivity reaction
Amoxicillin treatment causes reaction forming immune complexes on vascular endothelium causing vasculitis and tissue injury

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19
Q

Not organ specific/widespread

A

Type III hypersensitivity reaction

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20
Q

Autoimmune diseases

A

Type III hypersensitivity reaction

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21
Q

Lupus

A

Type III hypersensitivity reaction and II

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22
Q

Gluten allergy

A

Type III hypersensitivity reaction

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23
Q

Type IV hypersensitivity Reaction

A

Not Humoral
delayed reaction
T-cell mediated

24
Q

poison ivy

A

Type IV hypersensitivity Reaction

25
Q

Hashimoto thyroiditis

A

Type IV hypersensitivity Reaction

26
Q

Contact Dermatitis

A

Type IV hypersensitivity Reaction

27
Q

Type IV hypersensitivity Reaction Rash

A

Does not involve mast cells and H1 receptors
only on the site of contact
antihistamines don’t work

28
Q

Primary Immunodeficiency

A

Result of a sing gene defect
less common
antibody deficiency T or B cell

29
Q

SCID

A

Hallmark is recurrent infection
Primary Immunodeficiency

30
Q

Digeorge

A

Primary Immunodeficiency

31
Q

Job syndrome, Familial Mediterranean fever, complement deficiencies

A

Primary Immunodeficiency

32
Q

Secondary Immunodeficiency

A

External cause (virus, exposure, environment)

33
Q

Most common Secondary Immunodeficiency in the world

A

Malnutrition

34
Q

Pneumocystis Carinii, HIV, pneumonia, cancer, sinus infection. graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)

A

Secondary Immunodeficiency

35
Q

Cancer

A

Secondary Immunodeficiency
Begin as a since cell
Multiple independent DNA mutations

36
Q

Carcinoma

A

90%
Epithelial cells and organ surfaces

37
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

ductal or glandular

38
Q

Sarcoma

A

2%
Connective tissue

39
Q

Cancer stages

A

1 - in situ (no Mets)
2 local invasions
3spread to regional structures
4 distant mets

40
Q

TMN rating system (0-3)

A

T- primary tumor
N- lymph node involvement
M- extent of mets

41
Q

Gene Amplification

A

factors that cause cells to differentiate to cancer

42
Q

HER 2

A

(human epithelial growth factor 2) breast CA

43
Q

N-MYC

A

(normal cell growth amplifiers) neuroblastoma

44
Q

Causes of Gene Amplification

A

15- 20 % of all cancer is causes by virus
(hep B & C, EBV, Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus, human T-cell leukemia lymphoma virus, HPV)

45
Q

Causes of Gene Amplification

A

Chemical or radiation
Chronic inflammation
Heredity (BRACA gene)

46
Q

Carcinogenesis

A

initiation, progression and promotion theory

47
Q

Stop Cancer

A

Good nutrition = promotes DNA repair
Lessen exposure
Immune system - reject tumor antigens

48
Q

PSA, CEA, Alfa fetoprotein, HPV

A

Tumor specific antigens that can make susceptible to developing Ca

49
Q

Lupus

A

autoimmune disorders - T-cells act against DNA
Type II hypersensitivity
Malar Rash on face
Arthralgias or arthritis
Neuro or renal symptoms

50
Q

caused by prolonged use of medications like hydralazine or procainamide

A

Lupus

51
Q

Treatment of Lupus

A

IVIG/NSAIDS/Corticosteroids/immunosuppressants/ antimalaria

52
Q

Sjogren’s Syndrome

A
  • Inflammation in salivary and lacrimal glands
    T-cells act against apoptotic cells.
53
Q

RA

A

-Autoantibodies and auto-reactive T-cells and B-cells against joint-associated antigens

54
Q

Autoantibodies and auto-reactive T-cells against brain antigens

A

MS

55
Q

Which cells are considered the “first responders” of the innate immune system

A

Neutophils

56
Q

what assessment findings would be expected in a patient who presents with urticaria

A

Eosinophilia

NUR507 Midterm (5 decks)

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