Pulmo Physio

Question 1

explain the pathway of air

Answer 1

external nares - nasopharynx - oropharynx

Question 2

it filters inhaled air

Answer 2

nose hairs - 10-3 micrometers

Question 3

why is air humidified

Answer 3

dry air damages - nasopharynx humidifies nd warms

Question 4

why is swimming reco for asthmatics

Answer 4

1 foot above water - vv humidified air - less attacks

Question 5

why is the nose an area of high infection

Answer 5

bc of high sebum

Question 6

why is nose vv sensitive part

Answer 6

cribiform plate is perforated passage of olfactory n - access to CNS - meningitis

Question 7

what is the movement of cilia

Answer 7

beat down - orad - toward mouth

Question 8

what are the 2 types of fluid on top of cilia

Answer 8

Gel layer - mucus, sticky one; bottom
Sol layer - water component; top

Question 9

exp how cilia works

Answer 9

filters 3-0.3 micrometer - particles caught in sol layer - moved to orad - spit/swallow

Question 10

what happens to sol layer when we have coughs or colds

Answer 10

lessened nd gel becomes more viscous - difficulty to move upward - = cough - water to replenish sol

Question 11

what happens to cilia in chronic smokers

Answer 11

bc cuboidal - no cilia - sol nd gel are stuck - smokers cough

Question 12

why c shaped cartilage ng trachea

Answer 12

for esophagus to prevent collapse

Question 13

why is cricoid full circle

Answer 13

prevents excessive movement when labored breathing

Question 14

right vs left bronchioles

Answer 14

right more vertical than left - debris get dislodged more - infection - pneumonia

Question 15

how many generations are there

Answer 15

23

Question 16

what are the diff gens

Answer 16

1-17 - conducting zone
18-19 - transition zone
20-23 - respi zone

Question 17

cough reflex is until what zone lng

Answer 17

7

Question 18

what are the 3 types of alveolar cells

Answer 18

type 1 - primary pneumocytes
type 2 - surfactant secreting
macrophages

Question 19

what is the impotance of surfactants

Answer 19

reduces surface tension - prevents collapse of alveolus - easy to inflate

Question 20

how nicotine affects the lungs

Answer 20

gets dissolved in fluid of alveolus - harder for o2 - cyanotic

Question 21

how many alveolocapillary membrane layers

Answer 21

6 layers

Question 22

how thick is respiratory membrane

Answer 22

0.5 micrometer

Question 23

piston action

Answer 23

up down of diaghpraghm

Question 24

bucket handle effect

Answer 24

external itercostal causs ribs to flare out - inc chest diameter

Question 25

pump handle effect

Answer 25

sternum moves anteriorly - inc diameter

Question 26

caliper effect

Answer 26

ribs approximate - spaces narrow down - inc diameter

Question 27

how does the lungs expire air

Answer 27

during elastic recoul - diagphragm moves superiorly -

Question 28

what does hypertrophied SCM

Answer 28

problem in breathing bc always mag deep breathing

Question 29

Pressure within the alveoli. Between breaths, it equals

Answer 29

athmospeheric psi 760mmHg

Question 30

what happens to intrapulmonary psi in inhalation

Answer 30

1mmHg dec - 500 ml o2 - dec

Question 31

what happens to intrapulmonary psi in exhalation

Answer 31

inc 1mmHg

Question 32

intrapleural pressure

Answer 32

always negative - prevents lung collapse - 2nd reason

Question 33

explain the intrapleural changes

Answer 33

-4 to -7 and go back to -4 during expiration

Question 34

explain the effects of pneumothorax

Answer 34

psi = - lungs collapse on inflation - depressurized - gsw or stab

Question 35

how to treat pneumothorax

Answer 35

close wound nd suck air out to reinflate - other lung will work normally bit br inc nd depth

Question 36

what are the factors that airway resistance

Answer 36

Ach - constrict
histamine - contrict
epi - dilate

Question 37

acute respiratory syndrome

Answer 37

premature 8 mo - no surfactant - lungs collapse - inject surfactant of pig