Pulmo Physio Flashcards
explain the pathway of air
external nares - nasopharynx - oropharynx
it filters inhaled air
nose hairs - 10-3 micrometers
why is air humidified
dry air damages - nasopharynx humidifies nd warms
why is swimming reco for asthmatics
1 foot above water - vv humidified air - less attacks
why is the nose an area of high infection
bc of high sebum
why is nose vv sensitive part
cribiform plate is perforated passage of olfactory n - access to CNS - meningitis
what is the movement of cilia
beat down - orad - toward mouth
what are the 2 types of fluid on top of cilia
Gel layer - mucus, sticky one; bottom
Sol layer - water component; top
exp how cilia works
filters 3-0.3 micrometer - particles caught in sol layer - moved to orad - spit/swallow
what happens to sol layer when we have coughs or colds
lessened nd gel becomes more viscous - difficulty to move upward - = cough - water to replenish sol
what happens to cilia in chronic smokers
bc cuboidal - no cilia - sol nd gel are stuck - smokers cough
why c shaped cartilage ng trachea
for esophagus to prevent collapse
why is cricoid full circle
prevents excessive movement when labored breathing
right vs left bronchioles
right more vertical than left - debris get dislodged more - infection - pneumonia
how many generations are there
23
what are the diff gens
1-17 - conducting zone
18-19 - transition zone
20-23 - respi zone
cough reflex is until what zone lng
7
what are the 3 types of alveolar cells
type 1 - primary pneumocytes
type 2 - surfactant secreting
macrophages
what is the impotance of surfactants
reduces surface tension - prevents collapse of alveolus - easy to inflate
how nicotine affects the lungs
gets dissolved in fluid of alveolus - harder for o2 - cyanotic
how many alveolocapillary membrane layers
6 layers
how thick is respiratory membrane
0.5 micrometer
piston action
up down of diaghpraghm
bucket handle effect
external itercostal causs ribs to flare out - inc chest diameter
pump handle effect
sternum moves anteriorly - inc diameter
caliper effect
ribs approximate - spaces narrow down - inc diameter
how does the lungs expire air
during elastic recoul - diagphragm moves superiorly -
what does hypertrophied SCM
problem in breathing bc always mag deep breathing
Pressure within the alveoli. Between breaths, it equals
athmospeheric psi 760mmHg
what happens to intrapulmonary psi in inhalation
1mmHg dec - 500 ml o2 - dec
what happens to intrapulmonary psi in exhalation
inc 1mmHg
intrapleural pressure
always negative - prevents lung collapse - 2nd reason
explain the intrapleural changes
-4 to -7 and go back to -4 during expiration
explain the effects of pneumothorax
psi = - lungs collapse on inflation - depressurized - gsw or stab
how to treat pneumothorax
close wound nd suck air out to reinflate - other lung will work normally bit br inc nd depth
what are the factors that airway resistance
Ach - constrict
histamine - contrict
epi - dilate
acute respiratory syndrome
premature 8 mo - no surfactant - lungs collapse - inject surfactant of pig
