Foot and Clinical Notes

Question 1

sensory of dorsum of foot

Answer 1

saphenous
superficial peroneal
sural
medial plantar
deep peroneal
lateral plantar

Question 2

sensory of sole

Answer 2

saphenous
medial plantar
lateral plantar
sural
medial calcaneal branch of tibial

Question 3

first layer

Answer 3

flexor digitorum brevis
abductor digiti minimi
abductor hallucis

Question 4

second layer

Answer 4

tendons of FDL and FHL
quadratus plante
lubricals

Question 5

third layer

Answer 5

adductor hallucis
flexor hallucis brevis
flexor digit minimi

Question 6

fourth layer

Answer 6

interossei
tendons of peroneus longus
tibialis posterior

Question 7

what muscle is at the dorsum of the foot

Answer 7

extensor digitorum brevis

Question 8

calcaneal gait

Answer 8

foot points upward bc gastroc is damaged; no pflex

Question 9

function of foot

Answer 9

To support the body weight

Serve as a lever to propel body forward in walking and running

Question 10

what forms the medial arch

Answer 10

calcaneum, talus, navicular, 3
cuneiform and 1st three metatarsal

Question 11

keystone of medial long arch

Answer 11

talus

Question 12

lig of medial long arch

Answer 12

planat calcaneonavicular nd tendon of tib post

Question 13

what forms lat long arch

Answer 13

calcaneum, cuboid, 4th nd 5th metatarsal

Question 14

lig of lat long arch

Answer 14

long nd short plantar lig

Question 15

keystone of lat long arch

Answer 15

cuboid

Question 16

transverse arch components

Answer 16

bases of metatarsals; lisfrancs
cuboid
cuneiform

Question 17

lig of transverse arch

Answer 17

deep transverse lig

Question 18

center of transverse arch

Answer 18

3rd metatarsal

Question 19

cause of pes planus

Answer 19

depression of medial longtudinal arch

Question 20

manifestations pes planus

Answer 20

laterally and everted
talus down medial
achilles medially deviated

Question 21

cause pes cavus

Answer 21

medial longitudinal arch high; muscle imbalance

Question 22

describe propulsive action in quiet standing

Answer 22

Body weight is distributed via heel and heads of metatarsal
bones

Question 23

describe propulsive action in walking

Answer 23

Weight is thrown forward, the weight is transferred on lateral margin of of the head of metatarsal

Question 24

describe propulsive action in running

Answer 24

weight is borne on the forepart of the foot and heel does not touch the ground

Question 25

when does limb buds develop

Answer 25

6 weeks

Question 26

how does the big toe form

Answer 26

lower limb bud undergoes medial rotation as it grows out from trunk resulting in the big toe coming to lie on the medial side

Question 27

Talipes Equino Varus

Answer 27

pflex and inverted

Question 28

talipes calcaneiovalgus

Answer 28

dorsiflexed at the ankle and everted at the midtarsal joints

Question 29

club foot is more common in

Answer 29

males

Question 30

lateral angulation of the great toe at its metatarsophalangeal joint

Answer 30

hallux valgus

Question 31

describe hallux valgus

Answer 31

enlargement (bunion) of the medial side of the head of the first metatarsal

Question 32

what is interdigital neuroma

Answer 32

mortons toe suddenattacksofsharpand localized pain usually between the 3rd and 4th web space due to localized thickening of the common digital nerve at the bifurcation

Question 33

pain and tenderness about the longitudinal arch due to excessive and unaccustomed standing and walking

Answer 33

plantar fasciatis

Question 34

what is calcaneal spur

Answer 34

bony spur projecting from the back or underside of the heel bone (the calcaneus) that often makes walking painful

Question 35

stress fracture

Answer 35

fracture of 2nd and 3rd associated with unaccustomed walking

Question 36

treatment of stress fracture

Answer 36

rest, taping and use of arch pad

Question 37

treatment of club foot

Answer 37

serial casting, splints, surgery

Question 38

describe the tarsal tunnel syndrome

Answer 38

posterior tibial n

Question 39

injury of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Answer 39

meralgia paresthetica

Question 40

causes of lat femoral cutaneous nerve

Answer 40

* compression by a repeated low-grade trauma * protuberant abdomen * Pregnancy * tight clothing * Diabetes * tumor * Infection

Question 41

manifestations of meralgia presthetica

Answer 41

pure sensory syndrome ; sensory complaints at the lateral thigh including pain, numbness, burning or a dull ache. It may be exacerbated with hip extension and does not demonstrate motor abnormalities.

Question 42

where does femoral nerve injury origin of

Answer 42

from the L2, L3, and L4 roots. They continue on as the posterior division of the lumbar plexus to become the femoral nerve

Question 43

causes of femoral nerve injury

Answer 43

– Trauma: Stab or gunshot wound/ pelvic fracture – Compression due to Hematoma over inguinal area or tumors over the area – Lithotomy position during delivery – Diabetes

Question 44

manifestations of femoral nerve injury

Answer 44

Motor: weakness of quadriceps; uses adductor muscle to compensate for weakness of knee extensors; buckling gait, quadriceps gait; patient goes to hyperextension of knee to lock knee Sensory: decrease sensation over anteromedial aspect of thigh and medial side of leg up to the ball of big toe (saphenous)

Question 45

occurs in conjunction to femoral nerve injury

Answer 45

obturator nerve injury

Question 46

manifestations of obturator n injury

Answer 46

weakness of hip adduction, dec sensory of medial thigh

Question 47

where does the sciatic nerve split

Answer 47

posterior inferior 1/3 of thigh

Question 48

causs of sciatic nerve injury

Answer 48

hip trauma injection pelvic fracture

Question 49

effects of piriformis syndrome

Answer 49

foot drop deformity; steppage gait

Question 50

cause of piriformis syndrome

Answer 50

wallet in back pocket; medial thigh

Question 51

cause of common peroneal nerve

Answer 51

leg cross - weight loss - poor surgery - squatting - diabetes

Question 52

what is strawberry pickers palsy

Answer 52

ipit ng common peroneal

Question 53

effects of common peroneal nervie injury

Answer 53

wekness of dorsi steppage - foot drop sesnosry loss of leg

Question 54

efect of tibial nerve injury

Answer 54

calcaneal gait calaneovalgus loss of sense sa foor no pflex; dflex lang

Question 55

why does foot drop no occur on tibial if superficial

Answer 55

bc deeper than common peroneal

Question 56

which patellar dislocation is more comon

Answer 56

lateral - if weak quads

Question 57

osgood schlatter lesion

Answer 57

partial avulsion of tibial tuberosity

Question 58

treatment of osgood

Answer 58

avoid strenous excercise

Question 59

maifestations of osgood

Answer 59

swelling, tenderness, pai. + kneeling, traction pre ossification

Question 60

hip pointer

Answer 60

hwere sartorius attach to ASIS - avulsion

Question 61

charley horse

Answer 61

contusion of quads - cramps - ischemia - direct trauma

Question 62

why is gracilis used as a graft

Answer 62

can be removed wo noticable loss

Question 63

riders strain

Answer 63

ossification of add long - horse riders