Foot and Clinical Notes Flashcards
sensory of dorsum of foot
saphenous
superficial peroneal
sural
medial plantar
deep peroneal
lateral plantar
sensory of sole
saphenous
medial plantar
lateral plantar
sural
medial calcaneal branch of tibial
first layer
flexor digitorum brevis
abductor digiti minimi
abductor hallucis
second layer
tendons of FDL and FHL
quadratus plante
lubricals
third layer
adductor hallucis
flexor hallucis brevis
flexor digit minimi
fourth layer
interossei
tendons of peroneus longus
tibialis posterior
what muscle is at the dorsum of the foot
extensor digitorum brevis
calcaneal gait
foot points upward bc gastroc is damaged; no pflex
function of foot
To support the body weight
Serve as a lever to propel body forward in walking and running
what forms the medial arch
calcaneum, talus, navicular, 3
cuneiform and 1st three metatarsal
keystone of medial long arch
talus
lig of medial long arch
planat calcaneonavicular nd tendon of tib post
what forms lat long arch
calcaneum, cuboid, 4th nd 5th metatarsal
lig of lat long arch
long nd short plantar lig
keystone of lat long arch
cuboid
transverse arch components
bases of metatarsals; lisfrancs
cuboid
cuneiform
lig of transverse arch
deep transverse lig
center of transverse arch
3rd metatarsal
cause of pes planus
depression of medial longtudinal arch
manifestations pes planus
laterally and everted
talus down medial
achilles medially deviated
cause pes cavus
medial longitudinal arch high; muscle imbalance
describe propulsive action in quiet standing
Body weight is distributed via heel and heads of metatarsal
bones
describe propulsive action in walking
Weight is thrown forward, the weight is transferred on lateral margin of of the head of metatarsal
describe propulsive action in running
weight is borne on the forepart of the foot and heel does not touch the ground
when does limb buds develop
6 weeks
how does the big toe form
lower limb bud undergoes medial rotation as it grows out from trunk resulting in the big toe coming to lie on the medial side
Talipes Equino Varus
pflex and inverted
talipes calcaneiovalgus
dorsiflexed at the ankle and everted at the midtarsal joints
club foot is more common in
males
lateral angulation of the great toe at its metatarsophalangeal joint
hallux valgus
describe hallux valgus
enlargement (bunion) of the medial side of the head of the first metatarsal
what is interdigital neuroma
mortons toe
suddenattacksofsharpand localized pain usually between the 3rd and 4th web space due to localized thickening of the common digital nerve at the bifurcation
pain and tenderness about the longitudinal arch due to excessive and unaccustomed standing and walking
plantar fasciatis
what is calcaneal spur
bony spur projecting from the back or underside of the heel bone (the calcaneus) that often makes walking painful
stress fracture
fracture of 2nd and 3rd associated with unaccustomed walking
treatment of stress fracture
rest, taping and use of arch pad
treatment of club foot
serial casting, splints, surgery
describe the tarsal tunnel syndrome
posterior tibial n
injury of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
meralgia paresthetica
causes of lat femoral cutaneous nerve
- compression by a repeated low-grade trauma
- protuberant abdomen
- Pregnancy
- tight clothing
- Diabetes
- tumor
- Infection
manifestations of meralgia presthetica
pure sensory syndrome ; sensory complaints at the lateral thigh including pain, numbness, burning or a dull ache. It may be exacerbated with hip extension and does not demonstrate motor abnormalities.
where does femoral nerve injury origin of
from the L2, L3, and L4 roots. They continue on as the posterior division of the lumbar plexus to become the femoral nerve
causes of femoral nerve injury
– Trauma: Stab or gunshot wound/ pelvic
fracture
– Compression due to Hematoma over inguinal area or tumors over the area
– Lithotomy position during delivery
– Diabetes
manifestations of femoral nerve injury
Motor: weakness of quadriceps; uses adductor muscle to compensate for weakness of knee extensors; buckling gait, quadriceps gait; patient goes to hyperextension of knee to lock knee
Sensory: decrease sensation over anteromedial aspect of thigh and medial side of leg up to the ball of big toe (saphenous)
occurs in conjunction to femoral nerve injury
obturator nerve injury
manifestations of obturator n injury
weakness of hip adduction, dec sensory of medial thigh
where does the sciatic nerve split
posterior inferior 1/3 of thigh
causs of sciatic nerve injury
hip trauma
injection
pelvic fracture
effects of piriformis syndrome
foot drop deformity; steppage gait
cause of piriformis syndrome
wallet in back pocket; medial thigh
cause of common peroneal nerve
leg cross - weight loss - poor surgery - squatting - diabetes
what is strawberry pickers palsy
ipit ng common peroneal
effects of common peroneal nervie injury
wekness of dorsi
steppage - foot drop
sesnosry loss of leg
efect of tibial nerve injury
calcaneal gait
calaneovalgus
loss of sense sa foor
no pflex; dflex lang
why does foot drop no occur on tibial if superficial
bc deeper than common peroneal
which patellar dislocation is more comon
lateral - if weak quads
osgood schlatter lesion
partial avulsion of tibial tuberosity
treatment of osgood
avoid strenous excercise
maifestations of osgood
swelling, tenderness, pai. + kneeling, traction
pre ossification
hip pointer
hwere sartorius attach to ASIS - avulsion
charley horse
contusion of quads - cramps - ischemia - direct trauma
why is gracilis used as a graft
can be removed wo noticable loss
riders strain
ossification of add long - horse riders
