Pulmo Flashcards
Tachypnea
3-12 months:
> 50 bpm
What is the primary cause of acute nasopharyngitis in children?
Rhinovirus.
At what age does surfactant production in fetal lung development begin?
26-28 weeks of AOG.
What clinical sign is pathognomonic for epiglottitis in children?
Cherry-red epiglottis.
Which condition presents with a ‘steeple sign’ on a neck radiograph?
Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis).
What are the key features of bacterial otitis media on otoscopy?
Opaque or erythematous and bulging tympanic membrane.
What is the first-line treatment for acute bacterial sinusitis in children?
Amoxicillin (40mg/kg/day) for 10-14 days.
Which pathogen is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in children?
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV).
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for obstructive sleep apnea in children?
Polysomnography (PSG).
What preventive measure reduces the incidence of pneumonia in malnourished children by over 40%?
Zinc supplementation.
What is the hallmark radiographic finding for atelectasis in children?
Loss of lung volume with increased opacification.
Case: A 3-year-old presents with fever, stridor, drooling, and assumes a ‘tripod’ position. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Epiglottitis.
What antibiotic is commonly used for severe bacterial tracheitis?
Ampicillin-sulbactam or clindamycin.
What is the most common congenital laryngeal abnormality leading to noisy breathing in infants?
Laryngomalacia.
Which vaccine helps prevent acute bacterial sinusitis complications?
Influenza vaccine.
What is the initial treatment for kerosene aspiration in children?
Observation and supportive care (gastric lavage contraindicated).
Case: A child with a positive tuberculin skin test and abnormal chest X-ray, but no symptoms. What is the TB classification?
Class IV (TB inactive).
What is the drug of choice for treating Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis?
Penicillin.
Which clinical features differentiate asthma from bronchiolitis?
Asthma shows response to epinephrine and a positive family history of allergies.
What clinical findings are indicative of retropharyngeal abscess?
Fever, bulging of the posterior pharyngeal wall, and difficulty swallowing.
Which antibiotic is recommended for peritonsillar abscess if penicillin is resistant?
Clindamycin.
What is the primary cause of acute nasopharyngitis in children?
Rhinovirus.
At what age does surfactant production in fetal lung development begin?
26-28 weeks of AOG.
What clinical sign is pathognomonic for epiglottitis in children?
Cherry-red epiglottis.
Which condition presents with a ‘steeple sign’ on a neck radiograph?
Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis).
What are the key features of bacterial otitis media on otoscopy?
Opaque or erythematous and bulging tympanic membrane.
What is the first-line treatment for acute bacterial sinusitis in children?
Amoxicillin (40mg/kg/day) for 10-14 days.
Which pathogen is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in children?
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV).
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for obstructive sleep apnea in children?
Polysomnography (PSG).
What preventive measure reduces the incidence of pneumonia in malnourished children by over 40%?
Zinc supplementation.
What is the hallmark radiographic finding for atelectasis in children?
Loss of lung volume with increased opacification.
Case: A 3-year-old presents with fever, stridor, drooling, and assumes a ‘tripod’ position. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Epiglottitis.
What antibiotic is commonly used for severe bacterial tracheitis?
Ampicillin-sulbactam or clindamycin.
What is the most common congenital laryngeal abnormality leading to noisy breathing in infants?
Laryngomalacia.
Which vaccine helps prevent acute bacterial sinusitis complications?
Influenza vaccine.
What is the initial treatment for kerosene aspiration in children?
Observation and supportive care (gastric lavage contraindicated).
Case: A child with a positive tuberculin skin test and abnormal chest X-ray, but no symptoms. What is the TB classification?
Class IV (TB inactive).
What is the drug of choice for treating Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis?
Penicillin.
Which clinical features differentiate asthma from bronchiolitis?
Asthma shows response to epinephrine and a positive family history of allergies.
What clinical findings are indicative of retropharyngeal abscess?
Fever, bulging of the posterior pharyngeal wall, and difficulty swallowing.
Which antibiotic is recommended for peritonsillar abscess if penicillin is resistant?
Clindamycin.
What is the primary cause of acute nasopharyngitis in children?
Rhinovirus.
At what age does surfactant production in fetal lung development begin?
26-28 weeks of AOG.
What clinical sign is pathognomonic for epiglottitis in children?
Cherry-red epiglottis.
Which condition presents with a ‘steeple sign’ on a neck radiograph?
Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis).
What are the key features of bacterial otitis media on otoscopy?
Opaque or erythematous and bulging tympanic membrane.
What is the first-line treatment for acute bacterial sinusitis in children?
Amoxicillin (40mg/kg/day) for 10-14 days.
Which pathogen is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in children?
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV).
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for obstructive sleep apnea in children?
Polysomnography (PSG).
What preventive measure reduces the incidence of pneumonia in malnourished children by over 40%?
Zinc supplementation.
What is the hallmark radiographic finding for atelectasis in children?
Loss of lung volume with increased opacification.
Case: A 3-year-old presents with fever, stridor, drooling, and assumes a ‘tripod’ position. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Epiglottitis.
What antibiotic is commonly used for severe bacterial tracheitis?
Ampicillin-sulbactam or clindamycin.
What is the most common congenital laryngeal abnormality leading to noisy breathing in infants?
Laryngomalacia.
Which vaccine helps prevent acute bacterial sinusitis complications?
Influenza vaccine.
What is the initial treatment for kerosene aspiration in children?
Observation and supportive care (gastric lavage contraindicated).
Case: A child with a positive tuberculin skin test and abnormal chest X-ray, but no symptoms. What is the TB classification?
Class IV (TB inactive).
What is the drug of choice for treating Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis?
Penicillin.
Which clinical features differentiate asthma from bronchiolitis?
Asthma shows response to epinephrine and a positive family history of allergies.
What clinical findings are indicative of retropharyngeal abscess?
Fever, bulging of the posterior pharyngeal wall, and difficulty swallowing.
Which antibiotic is recommended for peritonsillar abscess if penicillin is resistant?
Clindamycin.
What is the primary cause of acute nasopharyngitis in children?
Rhinovirus.
At what age does surfactant production in fetal lung development begin?
26-28 weeks of AOG.
What clinical sign is pathognomonic for epiglottitis in children?
Cherry-red epiglottis.
Which condition presents with a ‘steeple sign’ on a neck radiograph?
Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis).
What are the key features of bacterial otitis media on otoscopy?
Opaque or erythematous and bulging tympanic membrane.
What is the first-line treatment for acute bacterial sinusitis in children?
Amoxicillin (40mg/kg/day) for 10-14 days.
Which pathogen is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in children?
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV).
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for obstructive sleep apnea in children?
Polysomnography (PSG).
What preventive measure reduces the incidence of pneumonia in malnourished children by over 40%?
Zinc supplementation.
What is the hallmark radiographic finding for atelectasis in children?
Loss of lung volume with increased opacification.
Case: A 3-year-old presents with fever, stridor, drooling, and assumes a ‘tripod’ position. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Epiglottitis.
What antibiotic is commonly used for severe bacterial tracheitis?
Ampicillin-sulbactam or clindamycin.
What is the most common congenital laryngeal abnormality leading to noisy breathing in infants?
Laryngomalacia.
Which vaccine helps prevent acute bacterial sinusitis complications?
Influenza vaccine.
What is the initial treatment for kerosene aspiration in children?
Observation and supportive care (gastric lavage contraindicated).
Case: A child with a positive tuberculin skin test and abnormal chest X-ray, but no symptoms. What is the TB classification?
Class IV (TB inactive).
What is the drug of choice for treating Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis?
Penicillin.
Which clinical features differentiate asthma from bronchiolitis?
Asthma shows response to epinephrine and a positive family history of allergies.
What clinical findings are indicative of retropharyngeal abscess?
Fever, bulging of the posterior pharyngeal wall, and difficulty swallowing.
Which antibiotic is recommended for peritonsillar abscess if penicillin is resistant?
Clindamycin.
