Neuro Flashcards
abnormal excessive
or synchronous neuronal activity in the
brain
Seizure
What are the two mechanisms of seizure generation in the brain?
Cellular and synaptic levels.
What EEG finding is indicative of epileptic encephalopathy?
Severe EEG abnormality causing cognitive impairments.
Case: A child presents with fever, nuchal rigidity, and seizures. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Meningitis.
What is the first-line treatment for febrile seizures in children?
Diazepam or lorazepam.
Which bacteria is most common in meningitis for children aged 2 months to 3 years?
Haemophilus influenzae.
What is the classic triad of clinical features in infratentorial brain tumors?
Headache, nausea, and vomiting.
What is the treatment of choice for Guillain-Barre Syndrome?
IVIG (400 mg/kg/day for 4 days).
What is the most common childhood brain tumor?
Astrocytoma.
What are the characteristic features of Werdnig-Hoffman disease (Type I SMA)?
Generalized hypotonia, tongue fasciculations, and respiratory distress.
Which genetic mutation is associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
Dystrophin gene mutation.
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for brainstem gliomas?
MRI with T1/T2-weighted imaging.
What is the hallmark radiologic finding in craniopharyngioma?
Calcifications with cystic and solid components.
Which neurological syndrome presents with obstructive hydrocephalus and Parinaud syndrome?
Pineal gland tumors.
What type of seizure is characterized by brief, sudden jerks of muscles?
Myoclonic seizures.
What CSF finding is characteristic of bacterial meningitis?
Elevated protein and low glucose levels.
Which type of brain tumor is most commonly found in the posterior fossa in children?
Medulloblastoma.
What are the key clinical signs of myasthenia gravis?
Ptosis, diplopia, and fatigable weakness.
What is the definitive diagnostic test for Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
Muscle biopsy showing dystrophin deficiency.
What is the treatment goal for ketogenic diets in epilepsy management?
Control seizures through ketosis.
Which motor unit disease presents with a frog-leg posture in infants?
Spinal muscular atrophy (Type I).
What are the two mechanisms of seizure generation in the brain?
Cellular and synaptic levels.
What EEG finding is indicative of epileptic encephalopathy?
Severe EEG abnormality causing cognitive impairments.
Case: A child presents with fever, nuchal rigidity, and seizures. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Meningitis.
What is the first-line treatment for febrile seizures in children?
Diazepam or lorazepam.
Which bacteria is most common in meningitis for children aged 2 months to 3 years?
Haemophilus influenzae.
What is the classic triad of clinical features in infratentorial brain tumors?
Headache, nausea, and vomiting.
What is the treatment of choice for Guillain-Barre Syndrome?
IVIG (400 mg/kg/day for 4 days).
What is the most common childhood brain tumor?
Astrocytoma.
What are the characteristic features of Werdnig-Hoffman disease (Type I SMA)?
Generalized hypotonia, tongue fasciculations, and respiratory distress.
Which genetic mutation is associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
Dystrophin gene mutation.
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for brainstem gliomas?
MRI with T1/T2-weighted imaging.
What is the hallmark radiologic finding in craniopharyngioma?
Calcifications with cystic and solid components.
Which neurological syndrome presents with obstructive hydrocephalus and Parinaud syndrome?
Pineal gland tumors.
What type of seizure is characterized by brief, sudden jerks of muscles?
Myoclonic seizures.
What CSF finding is characteristic of bacterial meningitis?
Elevated protein and low glucose levels.
Which type of brain tumor is most commonly found in the posterior fossa in children?
Medulloblastoma.
What are the key clinical signs of myasthenia gravis?
Ptosis, diplopia, and fatigable weakness.
What is the definitive diagnostic test for Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
Muscle biopsy showing dystrophin deficiency.
What is the treatment goal for ketogenic diets in epilepsy management?
Control seizures through ketosis.
Which motor unit disease presents with a frog-leg posture in infants?
Spinal muscular atrophy (Type I).
What are the two mechanisms of seizure generation in the brain?
Cellular and synaptic levels.
What EEG finding is indicative of epileptic encephalopathy?
Severe EEG abnormality causing cognitive impairments.
Case: A child presents with fever, nuchal rigidity, and seizures. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Meningitis.
What is the first-line treatment for febrile seizures in children?
Diazepam or lorazepam.
Which bacteria is most common in meningitis for children aged 2 months to 3 years?
Haemophilus influenzae.
What is the classic triad of clinical features in infratentorial brain tumors?
Headache, nausea, and vomiting.
What is the treatment of choice for Guillain-Barre Syndrome?
IVIG (400 mg/kg/day for 4 days).
What is the most common childhood brain tumor?
Astrocytoma.
What are the characteristic features of Werdnig-Hoffman disease (Type I SMA)?
Generalized hypotonia, tongue fasciculations, and respiratory distress.
Which genetic mutation is associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
Dystrophin gene mutation.
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for brainstem gliomas?
MRI with T1/T2-weighted imaging.
What is the hallmark radiologic finding in craniopharyngioma?
Calcifications with cystic and solid components.
Which neurological syndrome presents with obstructive hydrocephalus and Parinaud syndrome?
Pineal gland tumors.
What type of seizure is characterized by brief, sudden jerks of muscles?
Myoclonic seizures.
What CSF finding is characteristic of bacterial meningitis?
Elevated protein and low glucose levels.
Which type of brain tumor is most commonly found in the posterior fossa in children?
Medulloblastoma.
What are the key clinical signs of myasthenia gravis?
Ptosis, diplopia, and fatigable weakness.
What is the definitive diagnostic test for Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
Muscle biopsy showing dystrophin deficiency.
What is the treatment goal for ketogenic diets in epilepsy management?
Control seizures through ketosis.
Which motor unit disease presents with a frog-leg posture in infants?
Spinal muscular atrophy (Type I).
What are the two mechanisms of seizure generation in the brain?
Cellular and synaptic levels.
What EEG finding is indicative of epileptic encephalopathy?
Severe EEG abnormality causing cognitive impairments.
Case: A child presents with fever, nuchal rigidity, and seizures. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Meningitis.
What is the first-line treatment for febrile seizures in children?
Diazepam or lorazepam.
Which bacteria is most common in meningitis for children aged 2 months to 3 years?
Haemophilus influenzae.
What is the classic triad of clinical features in infratentorial brain tumors?
Headache, nausea, and vomiting.
What is the treatment of choice for Guillain-Barre Syndrome?
IVIG (400 mg/kg/day for 4 days).
What is the most common childhood brain tumor?
Astrocytoma.
What are the characteristic features of Werdnig-Hoffman disease (Type I SMA)?
Generalized hypotonia, tongue fasciculations, and respiratory distress.
Which genetic mutation is associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
Dystrophin gene mutation.
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for brainstem gliomas?
MRI with T1/T2-weighted imaging.
What is the hallmark radiologic finding in craniopharyngioma?
Calcifications with cystic and solid components.
Which neurological syndrome presents with obstructive hydrocephalus and Parinaud syndrome?
Pineal gland tumors.
What type of seizure is characterized by brief, sudden jerks of muscles?
Myoclonic seizures.
What CSF finding is characteristic of bacterial meningitis?
Elevated protein and low glucose levels.
Which type of brain tumor is most commonly found in the posterior fossa in children?
Medulloblastoma.
What are the key clinical signs of myasthenia gravis?
Ptosis, diplopia, and fatigable weakness.
What is the definitive diagnostic test for Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
Muscle biopsy showing dystrophin deficiency.
What is the treatment goal for ketogenic diets in epilepsy management?
Control seizures through ketosis.
Which motor unit disease presents with a frog-leg posture in infants?
Spinal muscular atrophy (Type I).
