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Pediatrics > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

abnormal excessive
or synchronous neuronal activity in the
brain

A

Seizure

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2
Q

What are the two mechanisms of seizure generation in the brain?

A

Cellular and synaptic levels.

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3
Q

What EEG finding is indicative of epileptic encephalopathy?

A

Severe EEG abnormality causing cognitive impairments.

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4
Q

Case: A child presents with fever, nuchal rigidity, and seizures. What is the most probable diagnosis?

A

Meningitis.

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5
Q

What is the first-line treatment for febrile seizures in children?

A

Diazepam or lorazepam.

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6
Q

Which bacteria is most common in meningitis for children aged 2 months to 3 years?

A

Haemophilus influenzae.

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7
Q

What is the classic triad of clinical features in infratentorial brain tumors?

A

Headache, nausea, and vomiting.

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8
Q

What is the treatment of choice for Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

A

IVIG (400 mg/kg/day for 4 days).

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9
Q

What is the most common childhood brain tumor?

A

Astrocytoma.

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10
Q

What are the characteristic features of Werdnig-Hoffman disease (Type I SMA)?

A

Generalized hypotonia, tongue fasciculations, and respiratory distress.

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11
Q

Which genetic mutation is associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

A

Dystrophin gene mutation.

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12
Q

What is the gold standard diagnostic test for brainstem gliomas?

A

MRI with T1/T2-weighted imaging.

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13
Q

What is the hallmark radiologic finding in craniopharyngioma?

A

Calcifications with cystic and solid components.

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14
Q

Which neurological syndrome presents with obstructive hydrocephalus and Parinaud syndrome?

A

Pineal gland tumors.

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15
Q

What type of seizure is characterized by brief, sudden jerks of muscles?

A

Myoclonic seizures.

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16
Q

What CSF finding is characteristic of bacterial meningitis?

A

Elevated protein and low glucose levels.

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17
Q

Which type of brain tumor is most commonly found in the posterior fossa in children?

A

Medulloblastoma.

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18
Q

What are the key clinical signs of myasthenia gravis?

A

Ptosis, diplopia, and fatigable weakness.

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19
Q

What is the definitive diagnostic test for Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

A

Muscle biopsy showing dystrophin deficiency.

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20
Q

What is the treatment goal for ketogenic diets in epilepsy management?

A

Control seizures through ketosis.

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21
Q

Which motor unit disease presents with a frog-leg posture in infants?

A

Spinal muscular atrophy (Type I).

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22
Q

What are the two mechanisms of seizure generation in the brain?

A

Cellular and synaptic levels.

How well did you know this?
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2
3
4
5
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23
Q

What EEG finding is indicative of epileptic encephalopathy?

A

Severe EEG abnormality causing cognitive impairments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Case: A child presents with fever, nuchal rigidity, and seizures. What is the most probable diagnosis?

A

Meningitis.

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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25
Q

What is the first-line treatment for febrile seizures in children?

A

Diazepam or lorazepam.

How well did you know this?
1
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26
Q

Which bacteria is most common in meningitis for children aged 2 months to 3 years?

A

Haemophilus influenzae.

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27
Q

What is the classic triad of clinical features in infratentorial brain tumors?

A

Headache, nausea, and vomiting.

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the treatment of choice for Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

A

IVIG (400 mg/kg/day for 4 days).

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29
Q

What is the most common childhood brain tumor?

A

Astrocytoma.

How well did you know this?
1
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30
Q

What are the characteristic features of Werdnig-Hoffman disease (Type I SMA)?

A

Generalized hypotonia, tongue fasciculations, and respiratory distress.

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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31
Q

Which genetic mutation is associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

A

Dystrophin gene mutation.

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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32
Q

What is the gold standard diagnostic test for brainstem gliomas?

A

MRI with T1/T2-weighted imaging.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the hallmark radiologic finding in craniopharyngioma?

A

Calcifications with cystic and solid components.

34
Q

Which neurological syndrome presents with obstructive hydrocephalus and Parinaud syndrome?

A

Pineal gland tumors.

35
Q

What type of seizure is characterized by brief, sudden jerks of muscles?

A

Myoclonic seizures.

36
Q

What CSF finding is characteristic of bacterial meningitis?

A

Elevated protein and low glucose levels.

37
Q

Which type of brain tumor is most commonly found in the posterior fossa in children?

A

Medulloblastoma.

38
Q

What are the key clinical signs of myasthenia gravis?

A

Ptosis, diplopia, and fatigable weakness.

39
Q

What is the definitive diagnostic test for Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

A

Muscle biopsy showing dystrophin deficiency.

40
Q

What is the treatment goal for ketogenic diets in epilepsy management?

A

Control seizures through ketosis.

41
Q

Which motor unit disease presents with a frog-leg posture in infants?

A

Spinal muscular atrophy (Type I).

42
Q

What are the two mechanisms of seizure generation in the brain?

A

Cellular and synaptic levels.

43
Q

What EEG finding is indicative of epileptic encephalopathy?

A

Severe EEG abnormality causing cognitive impairments.

44
Q

Case: A child presents with fever, nuchal rigidity, and seizures. What is the most probable diagnosis?

A

Meningitis.

45
Q

What is the first-line treatment for febrile seizures in children?

A

Diazepam or lorazepam.

46
Q

Which bacteria is most common in meningitis for children aged 2 months to 3 years?

A

Haemophilus influenzae.

47
Q

What is the classic triad of clinical features in infratentorial brain tumors?

A

Headache, nausea, and vomiting.

48
Q

What is the treatment of choice for Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

A

IVIG (400 mg/kg/day for 4 days).

49
Q

What is the most common childhood brain tumor?

A

Astrocytoma.

50
Q

What are the characteristic features of Werdnig-Hoffman disease (Type I SMA)?

A

Generalized hypotonia, tongue fasciculations, and respiratory distress.

51
Q

Which genetic mutation is associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

A

Dystrophin gene mutation.

52
Q

What is the gold standard diagnostic test for brainstem gliomas?

A

MRI with T1/T2-weighted imaging.

53
Q

What is the hallmark radiologic finding in craniopharyngioma?

A

Calcifications with cystic and solid components.

54
Q

Which neurological syndrome presents with obstructive hydrocephalus and Parinaud syndrome?

A

Pineal gland tumors.

55
Q

What type of seizure is characterized by brief, sudden jerks of muscles?

A

Myoclonic seizures.

56
Q

What CSF finding is characteristic of bacterial meningitis?

A

Elevated protein and low glucose levels.

57
Q

Which type of brain tumor is most commonly found in the posterior fossa in children?

A

Medulloblastoma.

58
Q

What are the key clinical signs of myasthenia gravis?

A

Ptosis, diplopia, and fatigable weakness.

59
Q

What is the definitive diagnostic test for Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

A

Muscle biopsy showing dystrophin deficiency.

60
Q

What is the treatment goal for ketogenic diets in epilepsy management?

A

Control seizures through ketosis.

61
Q

Which motor unit disease presents with a frog-leg posture in infants?

A

Spinal muscular atrophy (Type I).

62
Q

What are the two mechanisms of seizure generation in the brain?

A

Cellular and synaptic levels.

63
Q

What EEG finding is indicative of epileptic encephalopathy?

A

Severe EEG abnormality causing cognitive impairments.

64
Q

Case: A child presents with fever, nuchal rigidity, and seizures. What is the most probable diagnosis?

A

Meningitis.

65
Q

What is the first-line treatment for febrile seizures in children?

A

Diazepam or lorazepam.

66
Q

Which bacteria is most common in meningitis for children aged 2 months to 3 years?

A

Haemophilus influenzae.

67
Q

What is the classic triad of clinical features in infratentorial brain tumors?

A

Headache, nausea, and vomiting.

68
Q

What is the treatment of choice for Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

A

IVIG (400 mg/kg/day for 4 days).

69
Q

What is the most common childhood brain tumor?

A

Astrocytoma.

70
Q

What are the characteristic features of Werdnig-Hoffman disease (Type I SMA)?

A

Generalized hypotonia, tongue fasciculations, and respiratory distress.

71
Q

Which genetic mutation is associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

A

Dystrophin gene mutation.

72
Q

What is the gold standard diagnostic test for brainstem gliomas?

A

MRI with T1/T2-weighted imaging.

73
Q

What is the hallmark radiologic finding in craniopharyngioma?

A

Calcifications with cystic and solid components.

74
Q

Which neurological syndrome presents with obstructive hydrocephalus and Parinaud syndrome?

A

Pineal gland tumors.

75
Q

What type of seizure is characterized by brief, sudden jerks of muscles?

A

Myoclonic seizures.

76
Q

What CSF finding is characteristic of bacterial meningitis?

A

Elevated protein and low glucose levels.

77
Q

Which type of brain tumor is most commonly found in the posterior fossa in children?

A

Medulloblastoma.

78
Q

What are the key clinical signs of myasthenia gravis?

A

Ptosis, diplopia, and fatigable weakness.

79
Q

What is the definitive diagnostic test for Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

A

Muscle biopsy showing dystrophin deficiency.

80
Q

What is the treatment goal for ketogenic diets in epilepsy management?

A

Control seizures through ketosis.

81
Q

Which motor unit disease presents with a frog-leg posture in infants?

A

Spinal muscular atrophy (Type I).

Pediatrics (4 decks)

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