Pulm Conditions Flashcards
Atelectasis
State of collapse of any structure, usually secondary
Dyspnea, tachypnea, decreased blood pressure
Bronchiectasis
Dilated, inflamed, easily collapsible bronchi, often secondary
Difficulty clearing, SOB, crackles, wheezes
Bronchitis
Inflammation of bronchi, acute from virus or bacteria, or chronic from smoking
Better with warm and moist air, worse with cold and damp air
Symptoms: expectorating, cough, dyspnea, wheezing, chest pain, fever
Treatment: paced breathing, endurance exercise, positioning, hygiene
COPD
Not fully reversible, often results in death
Shortness of breath, cough, barrel chest
Cystic fibrosis
Genetic, secretion thickening, affects multiple systems
Median death age 32 years
Symptoms: persistent cough, wheezing, excessive appetite, foul stool, salty skin
Treatment: percussion, vibration, postural drainage, exercise
Emphysema
Pathological accumulation of air in lungs/tissues
Symptoms: SOB, barrel chest, dyspnea
Treatment: pursed lip breathing, exercise
Lofgren’s Syndrome
Group of symptoms present at onset of sarcoidosis
Fever, arthritis, enlarged lymph nodes, rash
Pancoast Syndrome
Apical lung tumor at thoracic inlet
Shoulder/arm pain, motor and sensory deficits
Pneumonia
Inflammation of lungs, usually after infection. Death more common in elderly
Sudden sharp chest pain, hacking, fever, chills, cyanosis, tachypnea
Asthma
Increased reactivity of airways, narrowing
Wheezing, chest tightness, SOB, cyanosis
Treatment: bronchodilators, decreased activity if environment is problematic, medication
Obstructive disease
Airflow limitation
Everything increases but vital capacity, and especially FEV
Cystic fibrosis, asthma, emphysema, bronchiectasis
Restrictive disease
Lung problems
Everything decreases but FEV (normal)
Ankylosing spondylitis, MS, burns, SCI, CVA
