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Last Min Review > Pulm > Flashcards

Pulm Flashcards

1
Q

self-limited upper airway infxn
cough > 5 days
myalgia + low fever
prolonged expiration

A

acute bronchitis
MC viral
bacterial - pertussis, mycoplasma, chlamydia
tx: supportive

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2
Q

kid < 2 w/ wheezing

A 
bronchiolitis (RSV)
nasal suction
\+/- bronchodilator
steroids
Ribavirin
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3
Q

HIGH fever
sore throat out of proportion to phayngititis
odynophagia, muffled voice

A

epiglotitis
stridor, tripoding, retractions
“thumb sign”
tx: rocephin + vanc

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4
Q

inspiratory stridor worse at night
low grade fever
abrupt barking cough

A

croup
parainfluenza
“steeple sign”
tx: glucocorticoids, epi

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5
Q

single-stranded RNA
high fever + chills + myalgia
winter months

A

flu
can cause atypical pneumonia in pts w/ pre-existing dz
rapid flu - low sensitivity, high specificity
tx: neuroaminidase inhibitors (tamiflu, zanamivir kids > 7)

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6
Q

cough > 14D
no fever
post-tussive vomit
whoop

A

pertussis: gram- coccobacillus
tx: macrolide

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7
Q

bacterial causes PNA

A

s pneumo
h flue
klebsiella
m cat

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8
Q

atypical causes PNA

A

legionella
mycoplasma
chlamydia

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9
Q

fungal PNA southeast US

A

blastomycosis

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10
Q

fungal PNA San Joaquin Valley/California

A

caoccidiodes

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11
Q

fungal PNA Mississippi River Valley

A

histoplamsa

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12
Q

MCC PNA COPD

A

Haemophilus

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13
Q

MC PNA w/ exposure to birds

A

chlymdia psittaci

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14
Q

MC PNA post viral infxn or IV drug use

A

S aureus

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15
Q

CXR typical vs atypical PNA

A

typical - lobar

atypical - interstitial

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16
Q

outpt tx PNA

A

macrolide

doxycycline

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17
Q

outpt tx PNA recent abx or chronic dz

A

levofloxacin, moxifloxacin

amoxicillin + azith

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18
Q

inpt tx PNA non-ICU

A

levo, moxi

amoxicillin + azith or doxy

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19
Q

inpt tx PNA ICU

A

levo, moxi + azith

20
Q

tx PNA + allergy to PCN

A

levo + aztreonam

21
Q

obligate intracellular acid fast bacillus

cavitary lesions in lung apices

A

TB

sputum smear AFB, confirm w/ PCR

22
Q

BCG vaccine testing

A

interferon gamma release assay (IGRA)

23
Q

tx latent TB w/ negative CXR

A

isoniazid x 9mon

24
Q

skin flushing + exposive diarrhea + PNA/coughing/hemoptysis

A

carcinoid tumors
check 5HIAA urine
serum tumor marker chromogranin A
tx: antidiarrhea, avoid trytophan foods

25
Q

humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy

A

squamous cell makes PTH-related protein

26
Q

lung mass vs nodule

A

mass > 30mm
serial CT chest scans
Fleishener guidelines determines CT follow up

27
Q

reversibility on PFT

A

improves by 12% AND increases by 200mL

28
Q

gold staging

A

mild: FEV1> 80
moderate: FEV1 50-80
severe: FEV1 30-50
very severe: FEV1 < 30

29
Q

when to use O2

A

sats below 88% or desats on 6 min walk test

30
Q

tx COPD

A

mild: SABA
moderate: anti-cholinergic (tiotropium)
severe: inhale steroid
very severe: lung transplant/O2

31
Q

3 hallmarks of asthma

A

outflow obstruction
bronchial hyper-reactivity
inflammation of airway

32
Q

tx asthma

A

SABA –> ICS –> ICS + LABA –> higer dose ICE/LABA –> steroid

33
Q

permanent and abnormal dilation of bronchial walls from chronic infxn/inflamation

A

bronchiectasis

34
Q

CT = tram tracks

chronic cough

A

tx: guiafinesin, CPT

35
Q

autosomal recessive
chronic cough, clubbing
pancreas cysts = malabsorption/constipation
infertility in men

A

CF
pilocarpine sweat test
tx: CPT, digestive enzymes, insulin

36
Q

ssx pleural effusion

A

fullness to percuession
diminished breath sounds
decreased tactile fremitus
DOE/orthopnea, PND

37
Q

transudate vs exudate cause effusion

A 
transudate = high hydrostatic forces or low oncotic pressure
exudate = capillary permeability s/t inflammation
38
Q

light’s criteria

A

P/S protein > 0.5
P/S LDH > 0/6
LDH > 2/3 upper normal limit for serum

39
Q

unilateral CP
hyper-resonance
tachy
SOB

A

pneumo

40
Q 
sx 6mon-2 years
progressive SOB
non-productive cough
velcro-like crackles
clubbing
A

idiopathic pul fibrosis
CXR = honeycombing + reticulonodular infiltrates
tx: O2, steroids - nor real good txl mean survivial 3-7 years

41
Q

caused by build up of mineral dust in the lungs

A

pneumoconiosis

42
Q

pleural plaquex on CXR

A

asbestos

43
Q

egg shell calcifications on CXR

A

silicosis

44
Q

skin lesions + granulomas + hypercalcemia

A

berylliosis

tx: steroid

45
Q

diffuse lung injury
PaO2/FiO2 < 300
bilateral infiltrates
respiratory infiltrates not explained by cardiac failures

A

ARDS

causes: PNA, aspiration, inhalation injuries, sepsis, pancreatitis, drug OD

46
Q

tx ARDS

A

low TV, high PEEP

Last Min Review (7 decks)

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