Pulm 1, Lung Vols.

Question 1

What are Light’s criteria?

Answer 1

1. pleural fluid protein / serum protein > 0.5
2. pleural fluid LDH / serum LDH > 0.6
3. pleural fluid LDH > 0.6 IU/L or 2/3 of upper limit of normal for serum LDH

Question 2

How many of Light’s criteria must be fulfilled to reasonably call a pleural effusion exudative?

Answer 2

just 1

Question 3

2 ways to define airway obstruction using PFTs

Answer 3

• FEV1/FVC < 80%

- FEV1 < 70%

Question 4

What characterizes REVERSIBLE airway obstruction? (Give numbers.)

Answer 4

12% or 200 cc improvement in FEV1 after bronchodilators

Question 5

If there is a decrease in _______, then there is an emphysematous component to COPD.

Answer 5

diffusion capacity

Question 6

What kind of drugs are ipratroprium and tiatroprium?

Answer 6

anticholinergics

Question 7

Which anticholinergic for COPD is long acting?

Answer 7

Tiatroprium

Question 8

What are the 4 lung volumes that make up TLC?

Answer 8

IRV
TV
ERV
RV

Question 9

What volumes make up FRC?

Answer 9

ERV + RV

Question 10

What percentage of the TLC is usually taken up by the FRC?

Answer 10

40-50%

Question 11

What percentage of the TLC is usually taken up by RV?

Answer 11

25-30%

Question 12

What is the SVC?

Answer 12

Slow Vital Capacity

Question 13

In healthy people, SVC and FVC are equal. How are they different in people with obstructive lung disease? Why?

Answer 13

FVC is smaller; air trapping

Question 14

What is the resting oxygen consumption (Vo2) in an average-sized person?

Answer 14

250 mL/min

Question 15

What is the normal resting minute ventilation per kg?

Answer 15

3.5 mL/min/kg

Question 16

How do you calculate the oxygen utilization?

Answer 16

CO * (CaO2 - CvO2)

Question 17

What is the normal minute ventilation (Ve)?

Answer 17

8-10 L/min

Question 18

What is a normal cardiac output?

Answer 18

4-6 L/min

Question 19

What is the average O2 extraction by the tissues?

Answer 19

25%