Polysomnography - Sleep stages

Question 1

Define apnea (in adults).

Answer 1

> /= 10 sec of no airflow

Question 2

Define obstructive apnea.

Answer 2

Airflow ceases but ventilatory effort persists.

Question 3

What EEG wave form is seen in stage W (wakefulness) when the eyes are open? Describe this waveform.

Answer 3

beta

highest frequency, lowest aplitude

Question 4

What EEG wave form is seen in stage W (wakefulness) when the eyes are closed?

Answer 4

alpha

Question 5

What EEG wave form is seen in stage N1 sleep?

Answer 5

theta

Question 6

What EEG wave form is seen in stage N2 of sleep?

Answer 6

sleep spindles and K complexes

Question 7

What EEG wave form is seen in stage N3 of sleep? Describe it.

Answer 7

delta

lowest frequency, highest amplitude

Question 8

What EEG waveform is seen in stage R (REM) sleep?

Answer 8

beta
highest frequency (mnixed freq), lowest amplitude (same as awake, eyes open)

Question 9

In which stage of sleep does bruxism occur?

Answer 9

N2

Question 10

In which stage of sleep do erections occur?

Answer 10

REM

Question 11

In which stage of sleep do sleepwalking, night terrors, and bedwetting occur?

Answer 11

stage 4 (stage N3)

Question 12

What percentage of the night is spent in stage N1 sleep?

Answer 12

5%

Question 13

What percentage of the total sleep time is spent in stage N2 sleep?

Answer 13

45%

Question 14

What percentage of total sleep time is spent in stage N3 sleep?

Answer 14

25%

Question 15

What percentage of total sleep time is spent in REM sleep?

Answer 15

25%

Question 16

What are the EEG waveforms of sleep in order?

Answer 16

BATS Drink Blood

beta, alpha, theta, sleep spindles/K-complexes, delta, beta

Question 17

What is Cushing’s triad?

Answer 17

• widened pulse pressure (elevated SBP)
• bradycardia
• irregular breathing (or bradypnea)

Question 18

What, aside from β wave sleep, is characteristic on a PSG of REM?

Answer 18

irregular breathing