Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DIT Pulmonology > Pul 7 - PE, DVT, Pneumothorax > Flashcards

Pul 7 - PE, DVT, Pneumothorax Flashcards

1
Q

What are some pathologies that cause hypercoagulatbility?

A
  1. Sickle cell.
  2. Polycythemia.
  3. CHF.
  4. Estrogen excess.
  5. Cancer.
  6. Pregnancy.
  7. OCPs.
  8. Smoking.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What would be a state that would have all the three components of Virchow’s triad?

A

Postpartum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the symptoms of DVT?

A
  1. Swollen foot/ankle (unilateral); (bilateral seen heart failure).
  2. +/-(may or may not) Pain.
  3. +/- Homan’s sign (pain w/ ankle dorsiflexion).
  4. +/- palpable cord.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do we diagnose DVT?

A
  1. First consider if it is high or low probability.
    - High prob: huge leg, history of cancer, or other coagulation prob. Use compression ultrasound: if the vein is hard and blood doesn’t move around, then you have a DVT.
    - Low prob: If patient has a leg that isn’t swollen much, detect D-dimer: a fibrin degradation product that is elevated when plasmin is dissolving a clot. It is nonspecific, but if D-dimer is negative, DVT ruled-out.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do we prevent DVT?

A
  1. Heparin.
  2. Low molecular weight heparin, like Enoxaparin.
  3. SCD: sequential compression devices, goes over calves and they inflate.
  4. Compression stockings.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the treatment for DVT?

A

Heparin until warfarin therapeutic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the symptoms of pulmonary embolism (PE)?

A
  1. Pleuritic chest pain (Pain when inhaling).
  2. Shortness of breath.
  3. Cough.
  4. Hemoptysis (rare).
  5. Fever.
  6. Tachypnea.
  7. AMS/confusion (Altered mental status).

The last three are the most common symptoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do we diagnose pulmonary embolism?

A
  1. Elevated D-dimer.
  2. +/- DVT on LE (lower extremity) US (ultrasound).
  3. Large A-a gradient on ABG (arterial blood gas).
  4. +/- EKG changes (S1Q3T3 - wide S in lead I, large Q and inverted T in lead III).
  5. CT scan.
  6. V/Q scan - centigraphy.
  7. Pulmonary angiogram = Gold standard
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a saddle embolus?

A

The embolus is stuck in the bifurcation of the pulmonary arteries. Death is instantaneous.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the treatment for pulmonary embolism?

A

Consider thrombolysis, but usually just heparin/warfarin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are fat embolus associated with?

A
  1. Long bone fracture.

2. Liposuction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are amniotic fluid embolus associated with?

A

It can lead to DIC postpartum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is air embolus associated with?

A

Caisson disease (the bends”: decompression sickness from rising too quickly while scuba diving).

  1. IV
  2. Too much pressure form ventilator.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are bacterial embolus associated with?

A

Bacterial endocarditis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a pnemothorax?

A

Abnormal collection of air in the pleural space.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a the difference between primary pneumothorax and secondary pneumothorax?

A

Primary occur spontaneous, without existing lung pathology. Occurs primarily in tall, thin, young males, and it is due to rupture of apical blebs.
Secondary pneumothorax is due to existing lung pathology.

17
Q

What are the symptoms of pneumothorax?

A
  1. Chest pain.

2. SOB.

18
Q

How is pneumothorax diagnosed?

A
  1. Decreased breath sounds on the affected side.
  2. CXR.
  3. CT scan.
19
Q

What would be the cause of a stroke after multiple long bone fractures?

A

It is caused by a fat emboli. However, a fat emboli on the venous circulation would cause a pulmonary embolism, not a stroke. To get to the arterial side to cause the stroke, the patient must have a patent foramen ovale (or pre-capillary AV shunt in the lungs).

20
Q

RFF: Elevated D-dimers.

A

PE, DVT.

21
Q

RFF: Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, stasis of blood.

A

Virchow’s triad.

22
Q

What diagnosis is associated with this classic EKG finding: A wide S-wave in lead I, a large Q in lead III, and an inverted T wave in lead III?

A

Associated with pulmonary embolism; as they show acute pressure in volume overload in the right ventricle. However, it is only found in 20% of cases of PE.

23
Q

What is Virchow’s triad?

A

[Virchow is SHE]

  1. Stasis.
  2. Hypercoagulability.
  3. Endothelial damage.

DIT Pulmonology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions