Pul 10 - Restrictive Lung Disease Flashcards
What do we see in the cytology of eosinophilic granuloma in interstitial lung disease?
Langerhans-like cells: Inside these cells, there are tennis racket shaped organelles called Birbeck granules.
What should we think of a patient with lung disease and glomerulonephritis?
Goodpasture syndrome.
What are the symptoms of Sarcoidosis?
[A GRUELING Disease]
- ACE increase
- Granulomas
- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
- Uveitis
- Erythema nodosum (tibial)
- Lymphadenopathy (bilateral, hilar)
- Idiopathic
- Noncaseating granuloma
- Gammaglobulinemia
- vitamin D increase (causing the increase calcium levels).
What are some hypersensitivity pneumonitis?
- Farmer’s lung.
2. Pigeon breeder’s lung.
What are some examples of pneumoconiosis?
- Anthracosis: inhaling carbon dust, no increase in lung cancer.
- Asbestosis: bronchogenic carcinoma > mesothelioma.
- Coal worker’s lung.
- Silicosis: sandblasting, mines and foundries, upper lobes, and cause eggshell calcifications, increase TB susceptibility.
- Berylliosis: aerospace, cell-mediated immunity damage leading to noncaseating granulomas.
What are some causes of ARDS?
- Shock.
- Infection.
- Toxic gas inhalation.
- Aspiration.
- High [O2].
- Pancreatitis.
- Heroin OD.
What is the pathophysiology of ARDS?
- Inflammatory cells/mediators and oxygen free radicals.
- Damage to endothelial or alveolar epithelial (type I) cells.
- Diffuse Alveolar Damage (DAD) and Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD).
What is the cause of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome?
Surfactant defficiency.
How can we mature the lungs of a fetus?
Inject steroids to the mother.
What are some risk factors for NRDS (Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome)?
- Prematurity.
- Maternal diabetes.
- Cesarean delivery.
What are the causes of restrictive lung disease?
- Outside of the lung:
- Muscular: Myasthenia gravis, Guillain Barre, Polio.
- Structural: Severe kyphosis, chest wall deformaties, morbid obesity, diaphragmatic hernia.
- Plueral: Thickening, scarring. - Inside the lung (Interstitial lung disease)
- Eosinophilic granuloma.
- Goodpasture syndrome.
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
- Sarcoidosis.
- Hypersensitivity penumonitis.
- Pneumoconiosis.
- ARDS.
- Neonatal ARDS.
What is the treatment for central sleep apnea?
Caffeine.
What is the cause of central sleep apnea?
There is no respiratory effort.
What is the cause of obstructive sleep apnea?
There is respiratory effort but there is an airway obstruction: the soft palate falling back in place which causes the obstruction.
- Sometimes the tonsils can be swollen enough to obstruct.
- Very related to obese and short neck.
What is the treatment for obstructive sleep apnea?
- Weight loss and CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure).
- Surgery.
- Modafinil.
