Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DIT Pulmonology > Pul 12 - Lung Infection > Flashcards

Pul 12 - Lung Infection Flashcards

1
Q

What are the causes of pneumonia?

A
  • Bacteria.
  • Viruses.
  • Fungi.
  • Aspiration.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do we categorize pneumonia?

A
  1. Community acquired pneumonia: G(+).
    - Hospital acquired pneumonia: G(+) and G(-) rods.
  2. Typical pneumonia.
    - Atypical pneumonia.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the symptoms of typical pneumonia?

A
  • Fever.
  • Cough.
  • Malaise.
  • Purulent sputum.
  • Chest pain.
  • SOB.
  • Patients are generally ill.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are they symptoms of atypical pneumonia?

A
  • Less severe symptoms.
  • Non-productive cough.
  • Headache.
  • Fatigue.
  • “Walking pneumonia”.
  • CXR:
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is pneumonia?

A

Infection of the lung, specifically inflammation in the alveoli.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the pathogens that are cause atypical pneumonia?

A
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae (the most common).
  • Legionella pneumoniphiliae.
  • Chlamidophila pneumoniae.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the common cause of pneumonia in immnocompromised patients?

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the most common cause of atypical/walking pneumonia?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the common causative agent for pneumonia in alcoholics?

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What pathogen can cause an interstitial pneumoniae in bird handlers?

A

Chlamydia psittacosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is often the cause of pneumonia in a patient with a history of exposure to bats and bat droppings?

A

Histoplasma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is often the cause of pneumonia in a patient who has recently visited south California, New Mexico, or West Texas?

A

Coccidioides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is pneumonia associated with currant jelly sputum?

A

Klebsiella.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What organism is the cause of Q fever?

A

Coxiella burnetii.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What organism is associated with pneumonia acquired from air conditioners?

A

Legionella pneumophila.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the most common cause of pneumonia in children 1 year or younger?

A

RSV.

17
Q

What organism is the most common cause of pneumonia in neonates (28 days or younger)?

A

Group B strep, E.coli

18
Q

What is the most common cause of pneumonia in children and young adults (including college students, military recruits, and prison inmates)?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

19
Q

What is the most common cause of viral pneumonia?

A

RSV.

20
Q

What is cause of wool-sorter’s disease (a life-threatening pneumonia)?

A

Bacillus anthracis.

21
Q

What is the most common cause of pneumonia in ventilator patients and those with cystic fibrosis?

A

P. aeruginosa.

22
Q

What is the cause of Pontiac fever?

A

Legionella penumophila.

23
Q

What is a lung abscess?

A

It is necrosis of pulmonary parenchyma with a collection of pus in lungs.

24
Q

What are the causes of lung abscess?

A
  1. Complication of aspiration pneumonia.
  2. Caused by anaerobes.
  3. Alcoholics, drug abusers and general anesthesia.
  4. Bronchial obstruction.
25
Q

What are the most common bacteria that cause lung abscess?

A
  1. Peptostreptococcus.
  2. Prevotella.
  3. Bacteroides.
  4. Fusobacterium.
  5. Staphylococcus aureus.
  6. Klebsiella pneumonia.
  7. G(-).

-Strangely enough, Streptococcus pneumonia is not a common cause of them.

26
Q

What do we look for in a CXR of lung abscess?

A

Air fluid levels.

27
Q

What is the treatment for lung abscess?

A
  1. Clindamycin.
28
Q

What is pleural effusion?

A

Fluid that accumulates between the two pleural layers.

29
Q

What do we see in CXR in pleural effusion?

A

Air space looks like it is obliterated if the pleural effusion is very large. The fluid, if it has a large viscosity, will level according to gravity.

30
Q

What are the two categories of pleural effusion and what is the single main difference between them?

A
  • Transudate and exudate.

- “Transudate is more TRANSparent”: Less protein, more watery than exudates.

31
Q

What are the causes of transudate pleural effusion?

A
  1. CHF.
  2. CIrrhosis.
  3. Nephrotic syndrome.
  4. Fluid overload.

-The main cause is increase in hydrostatic pressure or decrease in oncotic pressure (lose too much protein).

32
Q

What are the causes of exudate pleural effusion?

A
  1. Cancer.
  2. Pneumonia, infections, TB.
  3. Uremia.
  4. Connective tissue disease.

-Increase in protein in fluid content or pleural and lung inflammation, leading to increase in membrane permeability.

33
Q

What is the cause of lymphatic pleural effusion and what is another name for it and why?

A

Thoracic duct carries lymphatic tissue back to the circulation. Damage to the thoracic duct causes pleural effusion.

-It is also cause a “chylothorax” because the lymphatic isa milky fluid high in triglycerides.

34
Q

What G(+) cocci in a neonate would cause pneumonia?

A

Group B strep.

35
Q

What G(-) rods in a neonate would cause pneumonia?

A

E.coli.

DIT Pulmonology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions