Pul 12 - Lung Infection Flashcards
What are the causes of pneumonia?
- Bacteria.
- Viruses.
- Fungi.
- Aspiration.
How do we categorize pneumonia?
- Community acquired pneumonia: G(+).
- Hospital acquired pneumonia: G(+) and G(-) rods. - Typical pneumonia.
- Atypical pneumonia.
What are the symptoms of typical pneumonia?
- Fever.
- Cough.
- Malaise.
- Purulent sputum.
- Chest pain.
- SOB.
- Patients are generally ill.
What are they symptoms of atypical pneumonia?
- Less severe symptoms.
- Non-productive cough.
- Headache.
- Fatigue.
- “Walking pneumonia”.
- CXR:
What is pneumonia?
Infection of the lung, specifically inflammation in the alveoli.
What are the pathogens that are cause atypical pneumonia?
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae (the most common).
- Legionella pneumoniphiliae.
- Chlamidophila pneumoniae.
What is the common cause of pneumonia in immnocompromised patients?
Pneumocystis jiroveci.
What is the most common cause of atypical/walking pneumonia?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
What is the common causative agent for pneumonia in alcoholics?
Klebsiella pneumoniae.
What pathogen can cause an interstitial pneumoniae in bird handlers?
Chlamydia psittacosis.
What is often the cause of pneumonia in a patient with a history of exposure to bats and bat droppings?
Histoplasma.
What is often the cause of pneumonia in a patient who has recently visited south California, New Mexico, or West Texas?
Coccidioides.
What is pneumonia associated with currant jelly sputum?
Klebsiella.
What organism is the cause of Q fever?
Coxiella burnetii.
What organism is associated with pneumonia acquired from air conditioners?
Legionella pneumophila.
What is the most common cause of pneumonia in children 1 year or younger?
RSV.
What organism is the most common cause of pneumonia in neonates (28 days or younger)?
Group B strep, E.coli
What is the most common cause of pneumonia in children and young adults (including college students, military recruits, and prison inmates)?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
What is the most common cause of viral pneumonia?
RSV.
What is cause of wool-sorter’s disease (a life-threatening pneumonia)?
Bacillus anthracis.
What is the most common cause of pneumonia in ventilator patients and those with cystic fibrosis?
P. aeruginosa.
What is the cause of Pontiac fever?
Legionella penumophila.
What is a lung abscess?
It is necrosis of pulmonary parenchyma with a collection of pus in lungs.
What are the causes of lung abscess?
- Complication of aspiration pneumonia.
- Caused by anaerobes.
- Alcoholics, drug abusers and general anesthesia.
- Bronchial obstruction.
What are the most common bacteria that cause lung abscess?
- Peptostreptococcus.
- Prevotella.
- Bacteroides.
- Fusobacterium.
- Staphylococcus aureus.
- Klebsiella pneumonia.
- G(-).
-Strangely enough, Streptococcus pneumonia is not a common cause of them.
What do we look for in a CXR of lung abscess?
Air fluid levels.
What is the treatment for lung abscess?
- Clindamycin.
What is pleural effusion?
Fluid that accumulates between the two pleural layers.
What do we see in CXR in pleural effusion?
Air space looks like it is obliterated if the pleural effusion is very large. The fluid, if it has a large viscosity, will level according to gravity.
What are the two categories of pleural effusion and what is the single main difference between them?
- Transudate and exudate.
- “Transudate is more TRANSparent”: Less protein, more watery than exudates.
What are the causes of transudate pleural effusion?
- CHF.
- CIrrhosis.
- Nephrotic syndrome.
- Fluid overload.
-The main cause is increase in hydrostatic pressure or decrease in oncotic pressure (lose too much protein).
What are the causes of exudate pleural effusion?
- Cancer.
- Pneumonia, infections, TB.
- Uremia.
- Connective tissue disease.
-Increase in protein in fluid content or pleural and lung inflammation, leading to increase in membrane permeability.
What is the cause of lymphatic pleural effusion and what is another name for it and why?
Thoracic duct carries lymphatic tissue back to the circulation. Damage to the thoracic duct causes pleural effusion.
-It is also cause a “chylothorax” because the lymphatic isa milky fluid high in triglycerides.
What G(+) cocci in a neonate would cause pneumonia?
Group B strep.
What G(-) rods in a neonate would cause pneumonia?
E.coli.
