Public Sector & Admin.Trad Flashcards
What are the different levels of culture (BEA)
- Artifacts: tangible/observable aspects of the organisation (language)
- Espoused Values: beliefs of how the organisation should act
- Basic Assumptions: taking for granted (how orgs. respond to issues)
Public Sector’s economic (3) and political (1) implications
Economic:
- manages externalities
- manages market failures
- acts rationally
Political:
- public value
- protects & provides civil rights
Public Goods (2)
These are collective and free
1. Non-Excludability: people cannot be excluded (roads)
2. Non-Rivalrous: the consumption of one person doesn’t limit others to consume it as well (clean air)
Quasi-Public Goods (2)
These are provided by the public sector but need to be paid
1. Non-Excludability: people cannot be excluded + need to pay for them (train)
2. Limited Rivalrous: consumption by one limits others’ consumption
What are externalities? When do these happen?
Externalities are consequences. These happen because an organisation influences/affects a third party that isn’t involved resulting in a direct/indirect benefit for the main organisation (pollution).
(solutions to externalities)
Property Rights Theory
aims to establish a market to pay/compensate for the externality (EX: carbon credits)
(solutions to externalities)
What are regulations?
These impose requirements to compensate and ensure compliance by independent regulations.
What is Transaction Cost Economics (TCE)?
Depending on what the government carries out TCE? (3)
alternative ways that the public sector looks to organise transactions by minimising the costs
- Directly contact the private sector
- Create hybrid organisations
- Whether is worth it to produce it in house
What are Arm’s Length Organisations?
Organisations that the government has control over these but that don’t form part of the governmental structure.
Thus, the government telling WHAT but not HOW to produce it.
* Remains publicly accountable*
Benefits of Arm’s Length Organisations (6)
Issues (1)
Provides autonomy
Ministerial Responsibility
Easier to control
Closer to citizens
Reduces political interference
Innovative
- coordination & control
What is publicness?
To what extent an organisation depend on public goods/services.
What is the publicness puzzle?
How does publicness affect organisational performance
Dimensional Publicness
Ownership
Political Authority
Funding
Normative Publicness
Public Value
What is NPM?
(5premises)
The government running/operating like a business.
highly focused on quantification
1. Focus on unit costs
2. Focus on performance management
3. Competition to produce public goods
4. Customer interaction
5. Implementation of private sector practices
Disadvantages to NPM (4)
- Too much focus on quantification & performance
- Little coordination
- Technical challenges
- Based on ideological preferences without taking into account the real world
What is Post-NPM?
(4premises)
Focus on the interaction and interconnection of citizens, government and private sector to provide goods and services.
1. Horizontal collaboration
2. Public value
3. Citizenship
4. Democratic Governance
What is the Strategic Triangle?
Interconnection between
1. Public Value
2. Decision Making
3. Operational capacity
What are Public Value Institutions?
those focusing on the creation of public value rather than profit generation/maximisation
Types of Public Value Institutions (3)
- Regulative Institutions: focus on rules and regulations
- Social Institutions: focus on the creation of communities and social networks
- Cultural-Cognitive: focus on the meaning and perceptions of social life
European
AngloSaxon: privatisation, weak separation of powers
Scandinavian: transparent, strong powers
Germanic: weak separation of powers, strong local governments
Napoleonic: strong separation of powers, centralisation, weak local governments
East Asia
hybrid traditions based on meritocracy
Africa
influenced by French and Anglosaxon tradition
dependent on their traditions
culture shocks after decolonisation
Latin America
influenced by Napoleonic traditions
authoritarian and unitary systems
