External Management: Governance & Networks

Question 1

What is governance?

Answer 1

The concept focusing on new and innovated ways of governing by focusing on interaction, communication and cooperation.

Question 2

What is governance based on? (2)

Answer 2

Synergy: interaction between actors to improve solution.
Legitimacy: increased support for decisions and solutions.

Question 3

5 basic premises of governance
(CIMPF)

Answer 3

1. Interactive
2. Multiple stakeholders
3. Focus on formal and informal rules
4. Cooperative
5. Political competition

Question 4

Types of cooperation
(CAN)

Answer 4

Chain: organisations adding something throughout the process

Alliance: organisations forming a new organisation

Network: horizontal ways of organising

Question 5

What are Policy Networks?(3)

Answer 5

The type of network where the government is involved along with other organisations to solve specific policy challenges.
· Multiactor
· Voluntary
· Mutually dependent

Question 6

Advantages of the government’s role in a PN (3)

Answer 6

· Manages networks
· Facilitates networks from the outside
· Provides with difficult access resources

Question 7

Challenges of the government’s role in a PN (6)

Answer 7

· It doesn’t always have a choice (mandatory to be in the network)
· Little creative/innovative
· Strictly follow regulations
· Little flexibility and transparency
· Little democratic processes
· No equality among actors

Question 8

Complexities : Substantive

Answer 8

information disagreement

Question 9

Complexities : Institutional

Answer 9

cultural shocks due to different backgrounds

Question 10

Complexities : Strategic

Answer 10

information manipulation

Question 11

Solving complexities: Substantive

Answer 11

win-win solutions based on consensus

Question 12

Solving complexities: Strategic

Answer 12

based on negotiations and information agreements

Question 13

Solving complexities : Institutional

Answer 13

boundary spanning

Question 14

What is the network theory?

Answer 14

it emphasises cooperation and integration between different actors to interact with each other.
Formal and informal relationships.

Question 15

What are complex networks?
Characteristics (5)

Answer 15

Focuses on the actor’s position and the connection between the structure and the individuals.
Mostly hierarchical and depending on one’s position.
· Size
· Density
· Clusters
· Hierarchy
· Stability

Question 16

What are ego networks?
Characteristics (3)

Answer 16

An actor is a bridge between two networks.
Facilitated dialogue and cooperation.
Interdependence and connection among all actors focusing on their positions.
· Gatekeepers
· Centrality
· Resource Access

Question 17

What are modern networks based on?

Answer 17

These have become more centralised by focusing on:
· New ways of working
· Ecosystems
· Knowledge economy

Question 18

Why formal and informal strucutres are needed?

Answer 18

Because it offers outcomes based on network approaches.
Balance between formal and informal interaction.