Public Schools Flashcards
What are the characteristics of Public Schools
Gentry
Boys
Fee-paying
Endowed
Non-local
Controlled by Trustees
Expanding
Spartan
When and What was stage one
1790-1824
> boy culture
bullying
brutality
What and when was stage two?
1828-1842
> Dr Thomas Arnold
Social control
What and when was stage three?
1842-1914
> athleticism
spread of team games
What was stage one of public schools?
- uncivilised institutes that adopted many characteristics from pre-industrial. Cruel and violent games.
- many of the activities were during the boys free time and were uncivilised.
- bullying was a deeply embedded culture. Many younger boys bullied and had to fag for the sixth.
- boys organised their own games and the masters/teachers had nothing to do with them.
- facilities were simple and natural
- rules were simple
- each school had their own variations to the game they played, the boys shared the rules and creating in set of rules the school would use.
- activities usually adopted and adapted from their home towns
What were Dr Thomas Arnold’s reforms?
Social Control
Relationship
Values / Christianity
General Curriculum
Games
Responsibilities
Health
what did social control mean?
Dr Arnold brought about organised / civilised activities that meant the boys were busy and social control was obtained.
He made schools more civilised and reduced the bullying. He reduced off site activities like horse racing/betting
What did relationships mean?
He developed the relationships between staff and students.
Introducing a pastoral system to ensure the boys were looked after and punishments were controlled and come restricted.
He established good relationships with school neighbours
What did Values / Christianity mean?
Christian values were instilled in the boys, he made the chapel central of school life.
He believed in muscular christianity, Physical Endeavour and leadership.
His vision was to convert the young mean into christian gentlemen.
What did the General Curriculum mean?
Dr Arnold broadened the curriculum to expand the number of subject the boys were studying to increase variety.
What did Games mean?
Games afternoons are supported as he saw athletic pursuits as a way of bringing about change, develop a real sense of belonging, keep the boys out of mischief.
This approach paved the way of inter-house competitions and intra sport fixtures against other schools
What did responsibilities mean?
Sixth form students were given responsibilities within their own house and the school.
They were required to maintain control and order within their houses and erratic bullying.
Used them as “mini police”
What did Health mean?
Greater expectations and standards were expected of the boys regarding their cleanliness and health
What does muscular christianity mean?
Having a strong soul within a strong body, otherwise referred to as a combination of godliness and manliness
Public schools influence sport in post 1850 industrial britain.
- schools promoted sports and games as being important and often formed part of their curriculum.
- public school headmasters
- contributed the development of competitions / fixtures
- contributed the development of rules (creation of the FA)
- contribution the set of facilities helped to promote sport
- promotion of ethics through sport
- created links between sport and christianity
- influenced the spread of export of sports and games
- links between health and sport helped promote sport
