Modern Technology Flashcards
What are some technological advancements?
- Shot clock basketball (24sec count down)
- athletic shoes/trainers - lighter and flatter design to enable athletes to gain grip
- goal line technology - introduction to support officials in confirming in goals been scored
- Prosthetic devices from disabled athletes
- Hawkeye/cyclops - introduction in tennis to analyse trajectory of the ball and confirm if the ball landed in or out of line
- instant replays - large screen at playing venues to help spectators gain better view of what happened
- medical intervention
Modern technology effect - Elite - Access?
- greater testing and awareness of the right physiological make up to be an elite performer
- greater access to elite facilities as more venues available now. More accessible to all
- access to buildings (modified buildings, ramps, hoists)
- access to transport allows athletes to travel for specialists training camps for altitude training
Modern technology effect - Elite - Facilities?
- more specialist facilities to train in and receive expert coaching in
- greater diversity of specialist facilities, centres of excellence for performers
e.g. Lilleshall England Football Training - facilities for elite sports competitor including different types of simulated competitive environments
e.g. bobsleigh runs for Winter Olympics/surf simulators - lighting to allow competition all year round
Modern technology effect - Elite - Equipment?
- equipment for testing bone density and internal; body fats to monitor/check suitability for activities
- technology designed for health screening/blood testing
- prosthetic limbs
e.g. blades / springlite / wheelchairs - development of hypoxic chambers to replicate altitude training
- precision hydration methods - monitoring the losses of sodium during sweating
- wind tunnels testing for aerodynamics
- sport equipment designed to reduce injuries
e.g. trainers with shock absorbers in for marathon runners
Modern technology effect - Elite - Monitoring of exercise safety?
- health screening questioneers
- health assessments/drug testing
- elite rehabilitation facilities
- effective physiological testing, identifying athletes stra=engths and weaknesses
e.g. testing an athletes VO2max and lactate threshold - 3D laboratory-based gait analysis - analysis running styles
- development of revised safety equipment
e.g. cricketers helmets
Modern technology effect - General Participation - Access?
- access to buildings
- transport has allowed greater access to attend specialist sporting facilities/venues
- home fitness equipment being accessible allows everyone to access training/physical activity
- more investment in facilities therefore access for all
- simulators
e.g. surfing so don’t have to travel far - inclusion - everyone can access sport
Modern technology effect - General Participation - Facilities?
- modern surfaces are low maintenance. All year round surfaces/venues
e.g. 3G pitches, low cost after initial payment - many surfaces now have shock absorbers built in so reduces injury
e.g. hockey pitches - flood lighting allows training all year round
- greater range of facilities within easy access to all
Modern technology effect - General Participation - Equipment?
- performance equipment lighter
e.g. rackets - lighter and more durable head gear for riding/motor cross
- technology has developed clothing to be more comfortable, durable and provide shock absorption
e.g. trainers - GPs tracking equipment - helps monitor distance travels route planners for training
- modified equipment
e.g. one-handed fishing rocks to assist anglers with limited mobility
Modern technology effect - General Participation - Monitor of exercise?
- heart rate monitors to ensure safe exercise
- health questionnaires to analyse suitability for training programmes
e.g. gyms
Modern technology effect - General Participation - Safety?
- high visibility clothing so you can run all year round
- slip resistance facilities allows all year round play/performance
How has modern technology limited and reduced participation - cost?
- the development and cost of modern technology is expensive and can lead to inequality for both elite and recreational performers.
Developing countries are unable to access facilities - lack of access to facilities and equipment can be problematic, those from developing countries are disadvantaged
Modern technology effect - General Participation - Range of alternative to physical activity and sport?
- technological advancement have occurred
e.g. computer consoles, leading to a sedentary lifestyle - equipment like computerised vacuums.
How has modern technology lead to fair outcomes in sport?
- better timing devices
- more accurate decision making
- Increased accountability of officials
- improved detection of foul play
- improved detection of doping
How has modern technology impacted on fair play?
1.Introduction of better timing devices
2. Provide more accurate decision making by sports officials
3. Detecting of foul play
4. dentifying blood doping / drug taking
5. Instant replays and other technological aids to help officials make the right decision
6. Playback facilities to check officials decisions
7. Replay systems used in basketball to check players are shooting within the allocated time
8. TV replays used in cricket for third umpire to address decision disputes
9. Hawkeye computerised systems to record ball trajectory (tennis / cricket)
10. Goal line technology
Modern technology has limited or decreased fair outcomes including: Access to modern technology can be limited?
Poor countries might not be able to access facilities / equipment due to cost.
Therefore, placing them at a disadvantage.
Modern technology has limited or decreased fair outcomes including: Performance enhancing drug testing can not keep up with new drug development?
Highly sophisticated and developed substances are constantly being introduced, making it challenging to have sufficient testing methods.
Developing such testing methods is time consuming and expensive.
modern technology has limited or decreased fair outcomes including: Pressure put on officials due to the exposure and scrutiny of their decisions?
Official decisions are constantly analysed and their mistakes highlighted during sports competitions. Therefore, leading to judgements from the public and high levels of anxiety for the officials
How has modern technology helped increase entertainment in sport?
- action replay
- multiple camera angles
- slow motion technology
- improved analysis
- punditry
How modern technology impacted on performance? (positives)
- Performance skills / fitness / speed improves
- Training enhanced e.g. elastic cords / tyre towing
- Recovery improved e.g. medical products like artificial ligaments
- Fairer outcomes / honesty or accuracy enhanced e.g. helps officials make decisions like goal line technology /Hawk eye
- Inclusion or participation increased
- Safety increased e.g. gum shield / cricket head gear / landing mats
- Comfort increased e.g. clothing, equipment design such as football
- Analysis or understanding increased (for coaches or participants or spectators).
- entertainment or interest (for crowds) increased e.g. TMO / Hawk eye
How modern technology impacted on performance? (negatives)
- Lead to injury or violence e.g. from bladed boots
- Lead to cheating e.g. drugs
- Disrupt or slow down game e.g. time taken for DVD playback
- Be an unfair advantage / be expensive / be dependent on sponsor e.g. F1 Technology / technology not available to all such as tech bikes.
- Reduce traditional ethic or nature of sport / can lead to win at all costs ethic e.g. use of high tech equipment at junior /local level / T.V or internet or modern media that has made sport a global “product”
Postive opinions of new technology?
- It can improve sports performance
- Can make sport safer for performers or spectators or fewer injuries
- Sport can be more exciting / entertaining / enjoyable with technological advances
- Can help make fairer decisions / a fair contest
- Can help spectators see /experience more when watching sports
- Can make sports more accessible
- Entertaining for spectators
Negative opinions of new technology?
- Can take away the personal effect / more about technology than the individual
- Technology gives those with money an advantage over those who do not.
- Can increase the chance of harm / injury
- Can take away the element of chance
- Can make some sports less of a spectacle / more predictable
How has modern technology increased pressure on officials?
- Increased anxiety to make the correct decision
- Decisions can be overruled by video re-play
- Punditry / action replay / TV exposure can highly errors
- Difficult for referee to avoid overuse of technology and disrupts the game
- Potential litigation as easier to find evidence of negligence.
How has modern technology helped participation of disability?
- improved access to sports through the adaption of mobility equipment e.g. Light-weight wheelchairs for basketball, tennis, and racing
- Development and use of technology to improve facilities for disabled people e.g. hoists to enable access in and out of swimming pools
- Development of technology which enables safe exercise e.g. gym equipment which can be used while in wheelchair
- Development of equipment for users with specific needs e.g. basketballs / footballs with bells inside for visually impaired performers
- Creation of ‘new’ sports / activities using assistive technology e.g. handcycling, wheelchair rugby or polybat
- Technological advances in prostheses e.g. specialized prosthetic limbs for specific activities such as running and rock climbing
