PUBLIC POLICY VOCAB Flashcards
FEDERALISM
THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT SHARES AUTHORITY WITH THE LOCAL AND STATE GOVERNMENT
POLITICS
Regarding the excercise power in society in specific decisions in public policy
curtail
reduce in extent or quantity
Policy analysis
the examination of components of public policy; the study of causes and consequences of policy decisions
analysis
deconstructing of an object
logic of collective action
group theory that suggests an individual would be irrational to join interest group when no personal gain would follow
lobby
a group of people seeking to influence politicians or public officials on a particular issue
referendrum
a law proposed by a state or locality for voters to approve or reject
initiative
the ability to access things and initiate things independently; use your imagination and common sense
prescribed
lay down; impose
stakeholder
a party that has an interest in a company and can either affect or be affected by the business.
seamless
smooth and continuous, with no apparent gaps or spaces between one part and the next.
alternatives
one of two or more available possibilities.
social context
integration of social conditions such as demographics,,population,social security, medicare,etc and their affects on policy decisions
economy context
deals with inflation and unemployment as well as the the economy itself affects the decisions on policy development
liberal
open to new opinions and and behavior, willing to discard traditions at any second
conservative
cautious to change and adheres to traditonal values, typically in relation to religion and politics
libertarian
someone who advocates civil liberties
politics context
the clout of the minor parties; ideological differences among the public, the attentive publics such as liberals and conservaties, and the ability of lobbies to exert pressure
governing context
the federal and state government interchangeable governance on responsibilities
political culture
widely held values,beliefs, and attitudes such as trust and confidence in goverment and the political process
market failure
when the private market is not efficient and warrants government intruison
collective good or public goods
refers to goods such as national defense that in principle could be private but are provided by the government instead because private markets can’t do so
monopoly
exists an individual or group of people or companies dominate the market and can control the price of the market
negative externality
when two parties interact in a market and a third party gets harmed and does not get compensation
positive externality
when two parties interact in a market and a third party gains from it and does not have to pay for it
pure private good
a good or service where the consumer enjoys all the benefits and bears all the costs
feasible
something to easily or conveniently
toll goods
a type of market failure whereby a good is defined by its ability to be jointly consumed and exclusion is feasible
deplete
exhaust the abundance ; use up the supply of
common pool resources
resources shared by a society and available to all to consume
information failure
a type of market failure that occurs when willing buyers and sellers do not posess all the information needed to enter into a transaction exchange
pure public goods
a type of market failure in which a good such as police protection is defined by its ability to be jointly consumed and for which exclusion is not feasible.
unfunded mandates
funds given to the state which are insufficient to cover costs of their new duties
tragedy of the commons
use of natural resources such as air,water,grazing land, and fisheries of the like
hone
sharpen
infrringement
actively break the law or agreement
effectiveness
policy or program is being considered likely to work
efficiency
policy proposal costs in relation to expected benefits to society
equity
consideration of what constitutes a fair equitable policy choice
political feasibility
how government officials and other political actors appraise the acceptability of the proposal
democratic constituencies
the core constituencies are labor interests, environmentalists, African American, political liberals, residents of urban areas, and others.
republican constituencies
the core constituencies include business interests, political conservatives, farmers, suburban and rural residents
federalism
a system of government in which the same territory is controlled by the levels of government, the national and smaller subdivision of government
evidence-based policy
bringing information and systematic analysis to bear on policy issues and try to show how a given set of goals and objectives might be achieved most efficiently
oligarchy
a small group of people having control over a country,organization, or institution
policy
a course or principle of action adopted or proposed by government, party, or individual
elite theory
emphasizes how the values and preferences of elite individuals have more of an impact on political decisions than society
group theory
when special interest affect policymaking process
