PUBLIC LAW 1/2 Flashcards
What 3 courts developed from the Kings Council?
Exchequer
Common Pleas
Kings Bench
What does todays legal system have its origins in?
The King’s and Queens courts following the Norman conquest
What dictated the establishment of a fixed Kings Court?
The Magna Carta in 1215
What is the historical definition of the common law?
The law as applied by the Kings judges vs the law as applied by the local customary courts
What was the problem with the writ system?
It was rigid, and you could only be heard in court if you fit a category
Prevented growth of common law
What does Stare decisis mean?
Stand by precedent, stand by what has been decided
What 3 things does a judgement consist of?
A summary of facts
Statements of law, ratio, obiter dicta
Decision on remedy
Does distinguishing a case widen or narrow the ratio of it?
Narrow
When is a judgement reversed?
On appeal
When is a judgement overruled?
When a superior court decides the OG precedent is wrong and corrects it
When can the court of appeal depart from its precedent?
- For previously conflicting decisions
- If the CAs decision was overruled expressly or impliedly by the supreme court
- If the CAs previous decision was made per incuriam
What does per incarium mean?
When a previous court was not aware of a relevant authority
Is the upper tribunal higher than the first tribunal?
Yes
Do judges create law?
The modern opinion is philosophically they shouldn’t but really they do
Which court did equity develop from?
The court of chancery
Where equity and the common law conflict, which will prevail?
Equity
When can equitable remedies be awarded?
When damages are not adequate
What are the equitable remedies?
Specific performance
Injunction
Declaration
Rescission
Rectification
When is specific performance available?
There is a valid, enforceable contract
Damages would not be adequate
In what 2 contractual circumstances is specific performance not available?
Breach of contract for personal services
Performance of contractual obligations which would require constant supervision
What is an equitable declaration?
A legally binding statement about any of:
The legal rights of the parties
The existence of facts
A principle of law
When is rescission available?
Mistake
Misrep
Duress/undue influence
Where the parties can be put back into their pre-contract positions
What does equitable rectification do?
Corrects a document to reflect the parties contractual intention
Only written contracts
What is primary legislation?
Act of parliament