Public health deck 3

Question 1

What are the 3 domains of public health?

Answer 1

1. Health promotion
2. Health protection
3. Health improvement

Question 2

Give an example of health promotion?

Answer 2

Looks at interventions e.g. immunizations, smoking cessation, screening

Question 3

Give an example of health protection:

Answer 3

Putting measures in place to control infectious diseases e.g. barrier nursing on covid wards

Question 4

What are the aims of health service improvements?

Answer 4

Ensure that there is delivery of organized, safe and high quality services

Question 5

What is health psychology?

Answer 5

Role of psychological factors in cause progression and consequence of health and illness - promote healthy behaviour and prevent illness

Question 6

What are 3 types of health behaviour?

Answer 6

1. Health behaviour
2. Illness behaviour
3. Sick role behaviour

Question 7

Define health behaviour:

Answer 7

Aimed at preventing disease e.g. eating healthily

Question 8

Define illness behaviour:

Answer 8

Aimed at seeking remedy e.g. going to doctor

Question 9

Define sick role behaviour:

Answer 9

Behaviour actively aimed at getting oneself better i.e. taking medication

Question 10

What is a health damaging behaviour?

Answer 10

Behaviour that will damage health:
e.g. smoking, alcohol consumption, high risk sexual behaviour

Question 11

What are health promoting behaviours?

Answer 11

Behaviour that will seek and maintain health: e.g. exercise, eating healthily, having vaccines

Question 12

What is compliance?

Answer 12

Extent to which a patient’s behaviour coincides with medical advice - assumes doctor knows best

Question 13

What are x3 factors that effect compliance?

Answer 13

1. SE of medication
2. Patients’ perception of risk
3. Is patient asymptomatic?
4. SE status

Question 14

Give 3 examples of population level interventions:

Answer 14

1. Public health campaigns e.g. Movember, Change4Life.
2. Screening e.g. cervical smear
3. Immunization e.g. MMR

Question 15

What is unrealistic optimism?

Answer 15

Individual continues to practise health damaging behaviour due to an inaccurate perception of risk and susceptibility

Question 16

What factors can influence someone’s perception of risk?

Answer 16

1. Lack of personal experience with a problem
2. Belief that it may be preventable by personal action
3. Belief that it is unlikely to happen to an individual
4. Belief problem is infrequent
5. Other: SE factors, stress, age, cultural variability

Question 17

Why is it important to understand a patient’s perception of risk?

Answer 17

It can impact on medication adherence and keeping appointments

Question 18

NICE guidance on behaviour change: briefly describe:

Answer 18

1. Plan intervention
2. Assess social context
3. Educate and train
4. Look at individual level and community level interventions
5. Evaluate effectiveness and assess cost effectiveness

Question 19

Single greatest cause of illness and premature death in the UK?

Answer 19

Smoking

Question 20

What diseases (x3) is smoking related to?

Answer 20

Cancers, COPD, CHD

Question 21

When does smoking prevalence peak?

Answer 21

Mid 20s

Question 22

What is the role of the NCSCT?

Answer 22

Support delivery of effective evidence-based tobacco control programmes and smoking cessation interventions provided by local services

Question 23

What is a health needs assessment?

Answer 23

Systematic method for reviewing health issues facing a population - leading to agreed priorities and resource allocation improving health and reducing inequalities

Question 24

What is the need in a Health Needs Assessment?

Answer 24

Ability to benefit from an intervention

Question 25

Briefly describe the planning cycle in the Health Needs Assessment:

Answer 25

Needs assessment -> planning -> implementation -> evaluation -> needs assessment etc.

Question 26

What is felt need?

Answer 26

An individuals perception of their personal variation from normal health

Question 27

What is expressed need?

Answer 27

Individual seeks help to overcome variation in normal health

Question 28

What is normative need?

Answer 28

Profession defines interventions that are appropriate for expressed need

Question 29

What is comparative need?

Answer 29

Comparison between severity, range of intervention, cost

Question 30

Define demand in the context of a health needs assessment:

Answer 30

What people ask for

Question 31

Define supply in the context of a health needs assessment:

Answer 31

What is provided

Question 32

What is the difference between health need and health care need?

Answer 32

Health need: need for health Healthcare need: more specific, need for healthcare and looks at a person's ability to benefit from health care.

Question 33

3 different types of health needs assessment?

Answer 33

1. Epidemiological 2. Comparative 3. Corporate

Question 34

What 3 things may hinder a epidemiological health needs assessment?

Answer 34

1. Required data unavailable 2. Variable data quality 3. Ignores felt needs

Question 35

Comparative health needs assessment?

Answer 35

Compares services received by one population with other populations

Question 36

3 negative points for comparative health needs assessment

Answer 36

1. Required data unavailable 2. Variable data quality 3. Hard to find comparable populations

Question 37

Who's involved in a corporate health needs assessment?

Answer 37

1. Politicians 2. Press 3. Providers 4. Professionals 5. Patients

Question 38

What are 3 negatives of corporate needs assessment?

Answer 38

1. Difficult to distinguish need from demand 2. Group may have vested interest 3. Political agendas

Question 39

Give a health related example of something that is considered in demand, but not needed nor supplied by the NHS?

Answer 39

Cosmetic surgery

Question 40

Give x3 symptoms of withdrawal (smoking cessation):

Answer 40

1. Difficulty concentrating 2. Increased appetite 3. Irritability