Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phase 3a public health > Public health > Flashcards

Public health Flashcards

1
Q

5 levels of Maslow’s heirachy of needs?

A
  1. Physiological needs
  2. Safety needs
  3. Love and belonging
  4. Esteem
  5. Self-actualization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Epigenetics?

A

Study of how genes interact with the environment.
–> Changes in organism caused by gene expression modifications, not alterations in the genetic code

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Allostasis?

A

Process of achieving stability/homeostasis through physiological or behavioral change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is allostatic load?

A

Due to chronic stress, the wear and tear that accumulates on the individual due to prolonged allostasis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Definition of domestic abuse:

A

Incidents of controlling, coercive, threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between those aged 16+ who are/have been in intimate partners or family members independent of gender or sexuality.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give examples of domestic abuse (5):

A
  1. Emotional
  2. Physical
  3. Financial
  4. Sexual
  5. Psychological
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How can domestic abuse impact health?

A
  1. Traumatic injury following assault (fracture, miscarriage)
  2. Somatic problems or chronic illness (pain, headache)
  3. Psychological problems (PTSD, depression, anxiety)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 potential indicators of domestic abuse:

A
  1. Unwitnessed by anyone else
  2. Repeat A&E, GP attendances
  3. Delay in seeking injury
  4. Multiple minor injuries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What assessment tool can be used to determine someone’s risk of domestic abuse?

A

DASH assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What should be done if someone is at high risk of domestic abuse?

A

Refer to MARAC or IDVAS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the definition of public health?

A

Science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through organized efforts of society.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define epidemiology:

A

Study of the frequency, distribution and determinants of diseases and health-related states in populations to prevent and control disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define incidence:

A

Rate at which new diseases occur in the population in a certain time period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define prevalence:

A

Proportion of a population who have a disease at a point in time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is person-time a measure of?

A

Risk. Sum of each individual’s time at risk (i.e. length of time followed up in the study)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What value is used as the denominator in incidence rate calculations?

A

Person-time

17
Q

What is relative risk?

A

The risk in one category relative to another e.g. ratio of risk of disease in exposed to the risk in the unexposed. Tells about the strength of association between risk factor and disease.

18
Q

How do you calculate the relative risk?

A

Incidence in exposed/incidence in unexposed

19
Q

What is attribituable risk?

A

Rate of disease in the exposed that may be attributed to the exposure (tells us about the size of the effect in absolute terms).

20
Q

How do you calculate attributable risk?

A

Incidence in exposed - incidence in unexposed

21
Q

What is NNT?

A

Number needed to treat: number of patients needed to be treated to have an impact on one person.

22
Q

How is the NNT calculated?

A

1/absolute risk reduction

23
Q

Define bias?

A

Systematic deviation from true estimation of association between exposure and outcome

24
Q

What are two forms of bias?

A
  1. Selection bias
  2. Information bias
  3. Recall bias
  4. Response bias
25
Q

What is selection bias?

A

People who choose to take part in screening are not representative of the general population (i.e. those who don’t) so proper randomization is not achieved

26
Q

What is information bias?

A

Information or measurement bias due to observer, participant or instrument error.

27
Q

What is length-time bias?

A

Diseases with longer period of presentation are more likely to be detected by screening that ones with a shorter time of presentation.

28
Q

What is lead-time bias?

A

Screening identifies diseases earlier so impression is that survival is prolonged, but survival time is actually unchanged.

29
Q

What is confounding?

A

Effects the validity of the study. Associated with exposure and outcome, but not on causal path from exposure to disease.

30
Q

What is the Braford-hill criteria for causation?

A
  1. Consistency
  2. Biological plausibility
  3. Temporality - cause before disease
  4. Dose response
  5. Reversibility
  6. Strength of association

Phase 3a public health (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions