Public Health and Optometry Flashcards
What are the four prevention tiers?
primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention
What is primordial prevention?
improve health by targeting behaviors and social and physical environments; preventing primary risk factors
What is primary prevention?
support, educate, and promote healthy eye and vision behaviors; prevent disease from happening
What is secondary prevention?
facilitate presymptomatic identification of eye diseases and treatments; screening for existing diseases before symptoms
What is tertiary prevention?
preserve and enhance the health and function of individuals with vision impairment; treatment of current condition or rehabilitation
What prevention state did optometry start at and where is it heading?
Starts with tertiary, not currently paid for primary, expanding to primordial
What are the three ways to think about health?
medical tradition, environment, and social
What is medical traditional health?
focused on the individual
What is environmental health?
external factors affecting health
What is social health?
nature of interactions b/w individuals and the environment
What is the WHO definition of health?
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
What makes us healthy?
50% healthy behavior, 20% environment, 20% genetics, 10% access to care
What are health inequalities?
differences between populations that are inherited: race, gender, age, and geographic region
What are health inequities?
societal, economic, and cultural conditions in which populations reside that influence the health outcomes of those populations: income, education, industry marketing exposure, access to safe recreation, food insevuirty
Which can you change: inequalities or inequities?
inequities
What are social determinants of health?
social consequences, poverty, material deprivation, chronic stress, lifestyle factors, biological and psychological responses
What is an example of secondary prevention?
school screening
What is an example of primary prevention?
patient education on diet, smoking, etc
What are ocular disease states influenced by external factors?
diabetes
What are effects of obesity on ocular health?
thyroid eye disease, central retinal vein occlusion, glaucoma, AMD, cataract
What is one word to describe equality?
sameness
What is one word to describe equity?
justice
How does equality work?
provides the same thing for everyone- only works when people start from the same place, history and set of circumstances
How does equity work?
fairness and providing people with the resources and opportunities they need, given their history and set of circumstances
