Intro to US Healthcare System

Question 1

Our current health care system is one of the most ___ in the world

Answer 1

technologically advanced

Question 2

T/F US is one of the most expensive healthcare systems

Answer 2

true

Question 3

Due to attempts at reform, the US healthcare system is in a ___

Answer 3

state of flux

Question 4

USA is #1 in ___

Answer 4

heath innovation/published research

Question 5

USA falls short when it comes to ____ vs _____

Answer 5

life expectancy vs health expenditure

Question 6

T/F spending more money=living longer

Answer 6

trick question, true but only until a certain point

Question 7

How much of the GDP does the US spend on health?

Answer 7

16%

Question 8

Who spends the most on healthcare in the world?

Answer 8

The US

Question 9

What is the public expenditure component of total healthcare?

Answer 9

Very low in the US, we spend the most but government invests the least

Question 10

What are two examples of socialized health systems in the US?

Answer 10

Medicare and the VA

Question 11

What is the largest socialized health system in the world?

Answer 11

the VA

Question 12

How does the US compare worldwide with insurance coverage?

Answer 12

“decent but not the best”

Question 13

What 3 factors effected the evolution of US healthcare?

Answer 13

growth in population, industrialization, and public health concerns

Question 14

What is the US healthcare system captured by?

Answer 14

cost

Question 15

What are characteristics of the healthcare system?

Answer 15

no central governing agency, technology driven, focused on acute care, high cost, unequal in access, governed by market conditions and population needs

Question 16

What are the two characteristics of conflict in care?

Answer 16

Market justice and social justice

Question 17

What is market justice?

Answer 17

places the responsibility for fair distribution of services on the market forces in a free economy and accounts for an individual’s willingness and ability to pay

Question 18

What is social justice?

Answer 18

emphasizes the well-being of the community over that of the individual and population’s need, not ability to pay

Question 19

Where do demand and supply meet?

Answer 19

equilibrium

Question 20

“Consumers decided how much to purchase based on their perception of the value they expect to receive and how much they have to pay for it” describes what concept?

Answer 20

customer preferences

Question 21

“Expenditure on one good means forgoing other goods and services” describes what concept?

Answer 21

opportunity cost

Question 22

What is the free market?

Answer 22

goods and services are allocated through transactions based on mutual consent; no one is forced to buy from a particular supplier or at all

Question 23

How do consumers communicate their desires for (and value of ) goods and services?

Answer 23

through their expenditures

Question 24

How is healthcare different than a free market?

Answer 24

healthcare is credence good that depends on mutual trust between doctor and patient

Question 25

Why does healthcare depend on trust for the patient?

Answer 25

the patient lacks information and cannot judge the need for particular treatments, thus they have to take the advice of their doctor

Question 26

Define social justice in healthcare

Answer 26

the equitable distribution of health care is a societal responsibility; health care is a social good

Question 27

What is rationed in social justice healthcare?

Answer 27

planned rationing-- supply side

Question 28

What is rationed in market justice healthcare?

Answer 28

demand side rationing-- price

Question 29

Define market justice in healthcare

Answer 29

market forces in a free economy can best achieve a fair distribution of health care; health care is an economic good

Question 30

Social justice emphasizes...

Answer 30

the well-being of the community over that of the individual

Question 31

Market justice places responsibility for the fair distribution of healthcare on

Answer 31

the market forces in a free economy

Question 32

What concept: interfering with market forces in a free economy would be considered unjust

Answer 32

market justice

Question 33

What concept: inability to obtain medical services because of lack of financial resources would be considered unjust

Answer 33

social justice

Question 34

What is lost in health care?

Answer 34

personal volition

Question 35

What people does the medical industry exist almost entirely to serve?

Answer 35

people who have been rendered incapable of representing their own interests in an adversarial transaction

Question 36

What does an insurance funded medical system mean

Answer 36

abandoning an unregulated free market for health care

Question 37

What does the insurer-model create?

Answer 37

a three party managed market

Question 38

What does the patient surrender in an insurance model?

Answer 38

their buying power and much of their discretion to an entity whose interests are not aligned with their own

Question 39

What is a reason for high spending?

Answer 39

paying less than full price leads to over-consumption

Question 40

What is the purpose for a barrier to care?

Answer 40

keeps you from going to the doctor too much

Question 41

What is the rule of rational thought?

Answer 41

you consume goods and services until the marginal benefit equals the marginal cost

Question 42

What is the moral hazard?

Answer 42

The phenomenon of being induced to purchase more because of insurance aka deductibles, coinsurance, copayments

Question 43

What is the healthcare balance of power determined by in the US?

Answer 43

wealth and contribution to the system

Question 44

What is the ongoing quest?

Answer 44

integration and accountability

Question 45

What are the four major eras in healthcare?

Answer 45

1) 1850-1900 institutionalization of healthcare (centralized) 2) 1900-WWII introduction of the scientific method 3) WWII-1980 change in structure 4)1980-present limited resources and restricted growth

Question 46

Describe the institutionalization of healthcare

Answer 46

1850-1900 Kirkbride plan and sanitariums ex:TB

Question 47

What is the Kirkbride plan?

Answer 47

a system of mental asylum design advocate by Philadelphia psychiatrist Thomas Story Kirkbride in the mid19th century

Question 48

What happened from 1900-WWII?

Answer 48

scientific method, medical education=school, hospitals became curative instead of isolation, PCN developed, push for innovation based on necessity (war), Hill burton act

Question 49

What was the Hill Burton Act?

Answer 49

The hospital survey and construction act is US federal law from 1946 establishing general hospitals across the country- Senator Burton from Ohio and Senator Hill from Alabama

Question 50

What was mandated in the Hill Burton?

Answer 50

no discrimination, required to provide a reasonable volume of free care each year, prove economic viability of the facility (limited hospitals in low income areas), must participate in medicare and medicaid

Question 51

What happened during the change in the structure of healthcare?

Answer 51

WWII-1980s- FDRs New deal=medicare and social security

Question 52

What's the deal with health care reform?

Answer 52

Started in the 90s with Clinton to Bush to Obama

Question 53

What was the latest healthcare act?

Answer 53

Affordable Care Act aka Obama care- helped get people insured