public health Flashcards
What is a vector-borne transmission
something another organism, like a flea, tick, or mosquito, transfers disease from an infected animal to humans
Hantavirus is
primarily found in the dried urine, saliva and droppings of deer mice
What makes a bacteria enteric?
when they reside in the intestines. Examples include Campylobacter sp., E. coli, and Salmonella sp.
Which pest transmits Lyme Disease?
deer ticks
Who usually contracts Rocky Mountain spotted fever?
rodents, dogs and deer.
What is DEET?
a tick repellent. also wearing permethrin treated clothing can help prevent again bites as well.
Which animal is the primary carrier of West Nile virus and how is it transmitted?
it is most prevalent in birds and is transmitted by mosquitos from birds to humans and to other animals.
Describe simple/gradual metamorphosis
insects go from egg, to nymph and then adult. the nymph molts several times until it becomes an adult. The nymph closely resembles the adult but does not have wings.
Describe complex/complete metamorphosis
insect transition from egg, larvae, pupa and then adult life stages. The larvae look nothing like the adult. the larvae often form a pupal case (cocoon) in which the pupa forms. During the pupal stage the larvae transforms into an adult
What are the characteristics of all insects
- 3 body segments (head, thorax and abdomen. 2. 3 pairs of legs 3. antennae 4. exoskeleton
All bites come from which sex of mosquito?
females
Which type of metamorphosis do mosquitos undergo?
mosquitoes undergo complete/complex metamorphosis
Mosquito eggs are normally laid in water. under which circumstances can they be laid on dry ground?
They can be placed in ground depressions where they hatch after being immersed by flood, irrigation or melting snow water.
Mosquito larvae are called?
“wrigglers”
Mosquito pupae are called?
“tumblers”
Which species or mosquito does not lay on the water service? how do they get air?
Coquillettidia. this species in completely submerges and penetrates the submerged vegetation and gets its air from the plants
What do mosquito larvae feed on
Algae, bacteria, yeast, fungi and protozoans, NOT plants.
Which species of mosquito overwinters as both eggs and larvae?
Aedes
Which species of mosquito can have a larval habitat in a tree hole?
Aedes
What is used to collect and count mosquito larvae?
a white enamel or plastic dipper.
What are 4 ways you can use water management practices to control mosquitos?
- Eliminate mosquito breeding habitat. Remove excess water within 5 days of accumulation and cover water areas like pools/ponds and birdbaths. 2. Prevent water accumulation in areas where water can pool. 3. Use predaceous fish as a biological control. the GAMBUSIA-AFFINIS is the fish most commonly used. 4. Increase water movement. mosquito larvea cannot tolerate much movement.
In which ways are Aerial photographic maps, contour maps and general area maps useful in mosquito control?
they can help to provide an overview of all control operations showing larval producing areas, larval and adult camping stations, the distribution of important vector species and the type of control activity.
What is used for the mechanical control of mosquitos?
ordinary 16 mesh window screens, air screens and air curtains in commercial settings, mosquito nets in recreational areas and tightly woven clothing.
Hows does a synthetic pyrethroid (like Demand CS) work?
it interferes with the insects physiology
How do organophosphates work?
they inhibit cholinesterase (an enzyme) at the neuron synapse that overexcites (overstimulates) the nervous system